仪式规程-言语行为视角下英国电视辩论节目中的面子威胁研究

Face-Threats in British Televised Debates from the Perspective of Ritual and Speech Act

面子威胁是电视辩论中的常见话语方式。与日常交际相比,在辩论的仪式语境下,复杂参与者结构使面子威胁及其言语行为的实现方式更为复杂。本研究以英国国家语料库中英国电视辩论节目为语料,采用第三波礼貌研究的仪式规程理论,基于言语行为的互动分类,依据所构建的仪式规程-言语行为模式,从参与者之间的辩论和主持人参与下的复杂参与者辩论两个层面,分别阐析辩论参与者之间的面子威胁及互动仪式特征。研究发现,在电视辩论节目中,辩论参与者主要通过表达意见、表述信息和请求言语行为实现面子威胁。辩论参与者使用表达意见和表述信息言语行为威胁对方积极面子实现反驳功能,使用请求言语行为威胁对方消极面子实现质疑功能。主持人使用请求言语行为威胁辩论参与者消极面子以减少辩论冲突、维持辩论秩序,使用表达意见和表述信息言语行为达到表达观点、推动辩论进行的目的。

Face-threatening act is a common way of interactions in televised debate.Compared with daily interactions,face-threatening act and its realization are more complicated in such ritual settings due to the complicated participant structure.This paper examines face-threatening acts and interactive ritual features in televised debates from British National Corpus (BNC) through the lens of ritual and speech act based on the ritual theory of the third wave of politeness and the interactive typology of speech acts.This paper applies a bipartite approach:participants and complex participants including moderator of the debate who intervenes to maintain the order of the interaction.The outcomes of the analysis are as follows:complex participants realize face threats through speech acts including Opine,Tell and Request.Specifically,participants most frequently threaten the positive face of the other participants with the speech acts of Opine and Tell in order to refute the other,while they most frequently threaten the negative face of the other by using the speech act of Request in order to query the other.Furthermore,the moderator of the debate often reduces the conflict between the debaters and maintains the order of the debate by using Request through which the moderator threatens the negative face of the debaters,while the moderator expresses opinions and maintains the coherence of the debate with the speech acts of Opine and Tell through which the moderator threatens the positive face of the debaters.