生态语言学视域下的环境优先与环境外溢——以美国三大报北极话语为例

An Ecolinguistic Approach to Environment-Privilege and Environment-Outflow:A Case Study of the Arctic Discourse in the Three Most Influential American Newspapers

本文以美国三大报中的北极话语为例,从生态语言学的和谐话语分析路径探讨了环境优先与环境外溢两类话语。基于对生态语言学中非隐喻环境和隐喻环境互补、环境类话语与非环境类话语互补以及生态批评话语分析路径与和谐话语分析路径互补的解释,本文从“人的问题”出发,展示了环境优先与环境外溢中问题主题、问题参与者和问题参与方式的异同,在良知原则、亲近原则和制约原则的指导下主要通过及物性分析展示这些异同的词汇语法特征。研究发现,环境优先话语与环境外溢话语都以自然现象(环境问题)为起点,但是分别构建了不同的环境定位和人类相关活动,引导了不同的国际生态,这些因素又反作用于(加剧或者缓解)当前的环境问题。因此,自然环境与国际生态是密切交织的,而非割裂开来的。

By illustrating the Arctic discourse in the three influential American newspapers,this article examines environment-privileged discourse and environment-outflow discourse within the approach of harmonious discourse analysis of ecolinguistics.On the basis of the explanation of the complementarities between non-metaphorical environment and metaphorical environment,environmental discourse and non-environmental discourse,as well as eco-critical discourse analysis and harmonious discourse analysis in ecolinguistics,the present study shows the similarities and differences of topics of problems,participants of problems,and ways of getting involved in problems in terms of “human problems” between environment-privileged discourse and environment-outflow discourse,whose lexicogrammatical features are examined mainly by reference to the transitivity system under the guidance of the principles of conscience,proximity,and regulation.It is found that both environment-privileged discourse and environment-outflow discourse take the natural phenomena (environmental problems) as the departure,but they construe different environment orientations and consequent actions that lead to distinct international ecologies,which in turn worsen or lessen current environmental problems.Therefore,natural environment and international ecology are closely interwoven rather than clearly cut apart.