理解与自我存在:伽达默尔实践哲学视域下文学阐释的本质

Understanding and Self-Existence: The Nature of Literary Interpretation from the Perspective of Gadamer’s Practical Philosophy

伽达默尔的实践哲学是在科学技术逐渐占领人文领域的背景下提出的,其目的是要找回人文科学的真理,恢复亚里士多德时期的实践智慧。在伽达默尔的实践哲学视域下,文学阐释是文学作品意义呈现的过程,作品和对作品的阐释共同构成文学文本的存在方式。文学阐释不仅仅是为了激活文本,更是一种改变自身的实践行动,其最终目的是对人的存在的反思。作为实践的文学阐释就是将对文本的理解应用于自身的特殊境况之中,其本质是对自我的理解,文学阐释的过程就是读者与文本视域融合的过程,视域的扩大意味着读者自身意义的开拓。

Gadamer’s Practical Philosophy was proposed in the context of the gradual occupation of the humanities by science and technology, with the aim of recovering the truth of the humanities and restoring the practical wisdom of the Aristotle period. From the perspective of Gadamer’s Practical Philosophy, literary interpretation is the process of presenting the meaning of literary text, and works and interpretations of works together constitute the way of existence of literary texts. Literary interpretation is not only to activate the text, but also a practical action to change itself, and its ultimate purpose is to reflect on human existence. Literary interpretation as practice is to apply the understanding of the text to its own special situation, and its essence is the understanding of the self. The process of literary interpretation is the process of the reader’s integration with the text’s horizon, and the expansion of the horizon means the development of the reader’s own meaning.