地理标志商标正当使用认定标准的重构研究

Reconstruction of the Standard for the Recognition of the Fair Use of Geographical Indication Trademarks

在我国理论和实务中认定地理标志商标正当使用时,主要以“地名使用说”和“管理规则说”为判定标准,但这两种判定标准都可能损害地理标志权利人的合法权益。地理标志究其本质应当是产地和品质双重要素的组合,因此笔者提出用“品质说”作为正当使用判定的新标准。未经许可使用地理标志商标的第三人如能证明其产品具备统一、稳定的品质,且与地理标志的产地和品质要素相符合,即可构成对地理标志商标的正当使用。

In our country′s current theory and practice, when identifying the proper use of geographical indication trademarks, we mainly use the theory of place name use and the theory of management rules as the criteria, but these two criteria are likely to damage the legitimate rights and interests of geographical indication owners. However, the essence of geographical indications should be the combination of origin and quality. Therefore, this paper puts forward the "quality theory" as a new standard for judging fair use. If a third party who uses a geographical indication trademark without permission can prove that its products have uniform and stable quality and are consistent with the origin and quality elements of geographical indications, it can constitute the proper use of geographical indication trademarks.