基于水资源集约节约利用的新型城镇供排水系统构建

Construction of a New Urban Water Supply and Drainage System Based on the Intensive and Economical Use of Water Resources

为进一步落实国务院“水十条”行动计划,探究城镇水资源集约节约利用新途径,基于第一性原理重新审视我国城镇既有“统一供给、收集和处理”的供排水系统模式,针对其存在的问题及面临的困境精准施策,基于“按需供给、按类回收”思想,首次创新性地提出构建“分质供水、分类排水、精准处理、资源回用”的城镇绿色环保节能型供排水系统—双供双排系统设想,并确定与其配套的供排水工艺。最后以10万人规模的城镇为例进行了分析,结果表明:采用新型城镇供排水系统后每年可减少污水排放量约20%,从而使得污水处理厂每年可分别减排N_(2)O、CO_(2)、CH_(4)和污泥约0.9 t、398 t、20.4 t和1.5×10^(4) t,减少PAC和PAM用量约10.95 t和1.46 t,分类之后的黑水经资源化处理后可提供约2920 t复合肥。该研究旨在为我国未来城镇供排水系统的设计提供理论参考依据和指导方针。

Dual water supply and dual drainage system based on the principle of"supply by demand,drainage by category"was creatively proposed to build a green,environment-friendly and energy-saving urban water supply and drainage system featuring"water supply by quality,drainage by classification,accurate treatments and recycled resources".This new urban water supply and drainage system was presented based on first principles aiming at the existing problems and difficulties of current water supply and drainage system.The current system featuring"unified transportation,collection and treatment"was replaced by dual water supply and dual drainage system to further implement the National Water Pollution Control Action Plan and explore a new utilization way of intensive and economical urban water resources.Water supply and drainage technology that gone with new system was selected.Finally,case study with a community of 100000 people was carried out.The following conclusions were drawn from case study.After adopting the new urban water supply and drainage system,the annual sewage discharge can be reduced by about 20%,so that the sewage treatment plant can reduce the emission of N_(2) O,CO_(2),CH_(4) and sludge by 0.9 tons,398 tons,20.4 tons and 15000 tons of sludge each year.At the same time,it can reduce the consumption of Poly Aluminum Chloride(PAC)and Polyacrylamide(PAM)by about 10.95 tons and 1.46 tons,and the black water can provide about 2920 tons of compound fertilizer after resource treatment.This study aims to provide theoretical references and guidelines for the design of urban water supply and drainage system in the future of China.