健康服务视域下身体活动融入健康促进学校的政策架构内容标准与路径

Framework and path of inclusive physical activity into health-promoting schools with the perspective of World Health Organization health services

目的系统研究世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)2021年发布的健康促进学校全球标准及实施指南,基于世界卫生组织健康服务构成要素的理论,构建身体活动融入中小学健康促进学校的政策架构、内容标准以及实施路径。方法基于WHO健康服务体系理论,对WHO和UNESCO身体活动与健康促进学校相关领域的核心政策文件进行内容分析,包括《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校全球标准与指标》《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校实施指南》和《WHO关于学校健康服务指南》,构建身体活动融入中小学健康促进学校的政策架构、标准与实施指南的架构与核心内容以及实施路径。结果健康促进学校融入健康服务体系的内容可以从领导力与治理能力、筹资、服务提供、人力资源、技术与设备设施和信息系统6个领域来构建。在学校环境下,实施健康服务,建设健康促进学校,可以将6个领域细化为8个标准,13个实施领域。从健康服务体系的6个构成要素出发将身体活动融入健康促进学校建设,内容涉及领导力和治理能力、健康促进学校筹资、健康促进学校人力资源、学校健康服务提供、健康技术和设备设施、健康信息系统6个方面。具体实施路径包括以下6个方面:加强身体活动融入健康促进学校的领导力与治理能力;为身体活动融入健康促进学校的建设筹措充足资金;将身体活动融入健康促进学校的建设并为师生提供综合性的健康服务;培训具备身体活动和健康相关的人力资源;为身体活动融入健康促进学校的建设提供健康技术和设备设施的支持;建立融入身体活动的健康促进学校信息系统并进行相关的研究。结论身体活动是健康服务的重要组成部分。本研究从健康服务6个构成要素出发,以健康促进学校为政策支撑,探讨了将身体活动融入健康促进学校标准与实施指南的架构和内容,以及具体实施路径。

Objective To systematically study the global standards and implementation guidelines for health-promoting schools issued by the World Health Organization(WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) in 2021, explore the theories applying the components of WHO health services and construct the policy framework, content standards, and implementation path for integrating physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools in primary and secondary schools.Methods Based on the WHO health service system theory, a content analysis of WHO and UNESCO core policy documents in the fields of physical activity and health promotion in schools was conducted, including Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Global Standards and Indicators;Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Implementation Guidelines;and WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, to construct the policy framework, standard and implementation guideline framework, core content and implementation path for integrating physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools in primary and secondary schools.Results The content of the integration of health-promoting schools into the health service system could be constructed in six domains including leadership and governance, financing, service delivery, human resources, health technology and facilities, and health information systems. Implementing health services in the school environment to build health-promoting schools, the main tasks in six areas were refined into eight standards and 13 implementation areas. Integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools could be constructed from the six blocks of the health service system, including leadership and governance, financing for health-promoting schools, human resources for health-promoting schools, provision of school health services, technology and equipment, and health information. There are six implementation approaches in six blocks of health system: to strengthen the policy and governance capacity of integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools;to raise sufficient funds for the construction of physical activity integrated health-promoting schools;to integrate physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools and provide comprehensive health care for teachers and students;to train human resources related to physical activity and health;to provide support for health technology and equipment and facilities for the construction of physical activity integration into health-promoting schools;and to establish a health-promoting school information system integrating physical activity and conduct related research.Conclusion Physical activity is an important part of health services. Starting from the six components of health service,with the policy support of concept of health-promoting schools, this paper discussed the framework and content of integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools standards and implementation guidelines from the perspective of health services, and specific approaches to integrate physical activity into health-promoting school.