外源激素及肥料调控对马铃薯雾培原原种生长和产量的影响

Effects of hormone and fertilizer regulation on growth and yield of potato minituber under aeroponics

【目的】优化布拖乌洋芋雾培原原种高效生产技术,为马铃薯原原种生产提供技术支持。【方法】以布拖乌洋芋为材料,设置清水对照(CK)、Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、GA_(3)+eBr、KH_(2)PO_(4)、S-3307、Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+KH_(2)PO_(4)、GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+S-33078个处理,采用单因素完全随机设计,重复4次,采用雾培方法,春秋两季连续开展外源激素及肥料调控对布拖乌洋芋雾培原原种生产影响的研究,探讨叶面喷施外源激素和肥料对马铃薯原原种生产过程中植株生长发育、内源激素变化、干物质积累及块茎产量的影响。【结果】与对照(CK)相比,春秋两季叶面喷施GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、GA_(3)+eBr有利于马铃薯植株营养生长,马铃薯的株高、叶面积指数、茎和叶的干物质分配比例显著提高,其中GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)处理春秋两季马铃薯的株高、叶面积指数、茎和叶的干物质分配比例分别增加41.0%,111.1%,24.8%,31.5%和50.6%,109.1%,21.1%,21.5%;GA_(3)+eBr处理春秋两季马铃薯的株高、叶面积指数、茎和叶的干物质分配比例分别增加37.5%,72.2%,24.6%,30.6%和39.3%,77.3%,21.5%,22.7%。叶面喷施S-3307对马铃薯株高增加不利,但可以显著提高块茎的干物质分配比例,春秋两季提高幅度分别为34.3%和12.7%。外源激素与肥料处理对春秋两季马铃薯单株结薯数和单株结薯产量均有明显影响。春秋两季,GA_(3)+eBr处理均能获得最高单株结薯数,较CK分别显著增加63.3%和26.1%。春季,与CK相比,S-3307处理单株结薯产量显著提高,增幅为54.2%;秋季,喷施Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、GA_(3)+eBr处理单株结薯产量达到较高水平。【结论】定植前期叶面喷施GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)和GA_(3)+eBr均能促进马铃薯单株结薯数增加,春季定植中期叶面喷施S-3307能显著提高单株结薯产量,可以根据生产需要和生态条件优化制定原原种生产管理模式。

【Objective】This study optimized the high-efficiency production technology of Butuowu potato under aeroponics to provide technical support for potato minituber production.【Method】The experiment for Butuowu potato used a single factor completely randomized design with four replications for eight treatments of pure water(CK),Ca(NO_(3))_(2),GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2),GA_(3)+eBr,KH_(2)PO_(4),S-3307,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+KH_(2)PO_(4),and GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+S-3307.The effects of hormones and fertilizer regulation on growth,endogenous hormone changes,dry matter accumulation and yield of aeroponic minituber production in two seasons(spring and autumn)were analyzed.【Result】The treatments of GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and GA_(3)+eBr were beneficial for vegetative growth of plants and they significantly increased plant height,leaf area index(LAI),as well as dry matter ratios of stems and leaves in both spring and autumn.GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2) treatment significantly increased plant height,LAI,dry matter ratios of stems and leaves by 41.0%,111.1%,24.8%and 31.5%in spring and 50.6%,109.1%,21.1%and 21.5%in autumn.GA_(3)+eBr treatment significantly increased plant height,LAI,dry matter rations of stems and leaves by 37.5%,72.2%,24.6%and 30.6%in spring and 39.3%,77.3%,21.5%and 22.7%in autumn.S-3307 treatment significantly reduced plant height,while significantly increased dry matter ratios of minituber by 34.3%and 12.7%in spring and autumn,respectively.Hormones and fertilizer treatments had significant effects on tuber number and yield in both seasons.In both seasons,GA_(3)+eBr treatment had the highest tuber number per-plant,which was 63.3%and 26.1%higher than that of CK.Compared with CK,S-3307 treatment significantly increased the yield per-plant by 54.2%in spring.The yield per-plant in Ca(NO_(3))_(2),GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and GA_(3)+eBr treatments was high in autumn.【Conclusion】Spraying GA_(3)+Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and GA_(3)+eBr at early stage of transplanting in different seasons increased tuber number per plant,and spraying S-3307 significantly increased yield per plant in spring.Thus,minituber production should be optimized according to production demand and ecological conditions in different production areas.