摘要
为明确陕南地区食用菌病虫害的种类、分布范围、危害程度、优势种群及其危害特点,课题组以调查、监测和诱捕相结合的方式,于2018年~2021年对该区域主要食用菌病虫害种类进行调查和鉴定。结果表明,共调查到43种食用菌病虫害,其中商洛市有42种、安康市有35种、汉中市有30种。包括17种侵染性病菌(真菌类病菌10属、15种,细菌类病菌2种)引起的病害,其中链孢霉病、木霉病、毛霉病、青霉病、褐斑病和褐腐病普遍发生。共有11种生理性病害,且在商洛市、安康市和汉中市均有发生,但危害程度较轻。有害虫15种,分属于5目、11科,均为零星发生,其中危害香菇和木耳的害虫各11种,同时危害香菇和木耳的害虫有7种。引发病害的真菌中链孢霉是优势种,木霉和青霉是亚优势种;害虫中没有明显的优势种群。该研究明确了陕南地区食用菌病虫害种类,为食用菌病虫害的有效防控奠定了理论基础。
In order to clarify the types,distribution range,damage degree,dominant populations and damage characteristics of edible fungi diseases and pests in southern Shaanxi,the research team investigated and identified the main types of edible fungi diseases and pests in this region from 2018 to 2021 by combining investigation,monitoring and trapping.The results showed that 43 species of edible fungi diseases and pests were investigated,including 42 species in Shangluo City,35 species in Ankang City and 30 species in Hanzhong City.It includes diseases caused by 17 infectious pathogens(10 genera and 15 species of fungal pathogens and 2 species of bacterial pathogens),among which streptomycosis,hadromycosis,mucormycosis,penicilliosis,brown spot and brown rot are common.There are 11 kinds of physiological diseases,which occur sporadically in Shangluo City,Ankang City and Hanzhong City,but the damage is relatively minor.There are 15 kinds of pests,belonging to 5 orders and 11 families,all of which occur sporadically.Among them,11 kinds of pests are harmful to Lentinula edodes and Auricularia auricula respectively,and 7 kinds of pests are harmful to both.Among the fungi causing the disease,Streptospora is the dominant species,Trichoderma and Penicillium are the sub dominant species;there is no obvious dominant population among pests.The study clarified the types of edible fungi diseases and pests in southern Shaanxi,providing a theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of edible fungi diseases and pests.
作者
董照锋
党文丽
曹秀荣
DONG Zhao-feng;DANG Wen-li;CAO Xiu-rong(Shangluo Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center,Shangluo 726000,China;Shangluo Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Shangluo,726000,China)
出处
《中国食用菌》
2022年第10期45-49,共5页
Edible Fungi of China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1606701)
陕西省农业科技示范推广项目(KJCX-2016-03)。
关键词
食用菌
病虫害
种类
陕南地区
edible fungi
diseases and pests
type
southern Shaanxi