外源GA_(3)对设施延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄果实膨大和品质的影响

Effects of Exogenous GA3on Fruit Expansion and Quality of Delayed Grape Cultivation

【目的】为研究外源GA_(3)对设施延后葡萄果实生长动态和品质的影响。【方法】以设施延后栽培的‘红地球’葡萄为试材,待葡萄果实长至1~1.2 cm时,分别用20(T1),40(T2),60(T3),80(T4),100 mg/L(T5)浓度的GA_(3)喷施处理,对照(CK)为清水处理,测定果实生长动态、果实内在品质、外在品质及次生代谢物含量,并利用主成分分析对其品质进行综合评价,以期筛选生产上GA_(3)的最佳施用浓度。【结果】喷施GA_(3)能够有效延长‘红地球’葡萄果实的生育期。随GA_(3)浓度的增大,果实纵经(LD)、横径(TD)、单果质量(BW)和单穗重(CW)均呈逐渐上升趋势,果形指数(BSI)、可溶性糖(SSC)、糖酸比(SSC/TAC)、葡萄糖(GL)、果糖(FR)、蔗糖(SU),类黄酮(FC)、花青素(AC)和多酚含量(PC)呈先升后降趋势,可滴定酸(TAC)、酒石酸(TA)、苹果酸(MA)、柠檬酸(CA)、草酸(OA)和白藜芦醇含量(RC)呈先降后升趋势,且存在浓度效应;其中GA_(3)处理后,相较于CK,‘红地球’葡萄果实生育期延长15 d;此外,T4处理与CK相比,SSC、SSC/TAC、GL、FR、FC、AC、PC分别提高19.33%、45.60%、18.38%、17.96%、26.64%、108.33%、33.01%;TAC、TA、MA、CA分别降低21.93%、18.29%、15.7%、30.77%。对处理后的19个相关品质指标进行主成分分析,提取特征值大于1的2个主成分,第一、二主成分方差贡献率分别为78.07%、15.35%,累计方差贡献率达到93.42%,符合分析要求。综合分析表明,喷施外源GA_(3)对设施延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄果实膨大和品质的综合影响排名先后次序依次为:T4、T5、T3、T1、T2、CK。【结论】T4(80 mg/L)的GA_(3)能更好地延长葡萄生育期,提高可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸含量,增大果个,提高次生代谢物含量与果实品质。

[Objective]The effects of exogenous GA_(3)on the growth dynamics and quality of grapes grown in delayed facilities were investigated.[Method]‘Red globe’grapes grown in delayed facilities at high altitude were used as experimental materials.GA_(3)was sprayed with 20 mg/L(T1),40 mg/L(T2),60 mg/L(T3),80 mg/L(T4)and 100 mg/L(T5)at the grape fruit of 1-1.2 cm respectively,and the control(CK)was treated with clean water.The fruit growth dynamics,internal and external quality,and the content of secondary metabolites were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to evaluate its quality comprehensively,in order to select the best concentration of GA_(3)for production.[Result]The test results showed that the spraying GA_(3)can prolong the‘Red globe’grape fruit growth period,longitudinal diameter(LD),transverse diameter(TD),berry weight(BW)and cluster weight(CW)increased gradually with the increase of GA_(3)Concentration;berry shape index(BSI),soluble sugar content(SSC),sugar acid ratio(SSC/TAC),Glucose(GL),Fructose(FR),Sucrose(SU),flavonoid content(FC),anthocyanin content(AC)and polyphenol content(PC)increased first and then decreased,the content of titratable acid content(TAC),Tartaric acid(TC),Malic acid(MA),Citric acid(CA),Oxalic acid(OA)and resveratrol content(RC)decreased first and then increased,and there existed a concentration effect.Compared with CK,the fruit growth period of‘Red globe’grape was prolonged by15 days after GA_(3)treatment.In addition,compared with CK,SSC,SSC/TAC,GL,FR,FC,AC and PC in T4treatment increased by 19.33%,45.60%,18.38%,17.96%,26.64%,108.33% and 33.01% respectively,and TAC,TA,MA and CA decreased by 21.93%,18.92%,15.7% and 30.77% respectively.Principal component analysis was implemented on 19 related quality indicators after treatment,and 2 principal components with characteristic values higher than 1 were extracted.The variance contribution rates of the first and second principal components were 78.07% and 15.35%,respectively,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached93.42%,which met the analysis requirements.The comprehensive analysis showed that the comprehensive effects of exogenous GA_(3)on fruit expansion and rank in order of quality of‘Red globe’grape cultivated in facilities is T4,T5,T3,T1,T2,CK.[Conclusion]The comprehensive analysis showed that spraying fruit with 80 mg/L GA_(3)could prolong grape growth period,increase SSC and SSC/TAC,reduce TAC,increase fruit size and the content of secondary metabolites,and help to improve fruit quality.