洛阳龙门石窟乐器图像考述

Images of Musical Instruments in Longmen Grottoes

洛阳龙门石窟建造延续时间长,跨越朝代多,其乐器图像对了解当时音乐文化有着重要的文献价值。对龙门石窟中雕刻的音乐图像进行研究,按照现代乐器分类法进行归类,其中膜鸣乐器有细腰鼓、铜拨、磬、拍板、鼓、两杖鼓、鸡娄鼓等7种,弦鸣乐器有琵琶、筝、阮、箜篌等4种,气鸣乐器有排箫、笙、横笛、筚篥、箫、竖笛、贝等7种。这些尚存完好的龙门石窟乐器图像,为我国音乐发展留下了无比珍贵的历史文献资料,这不仅呈现中国音乐史上的一次重大的变革,更是各民族文化交流融合的有力见证。

The construction of Longmen Grottoes lasted a long time and spanned many dynasties.Therefore,it is very important to understand the music culture of Longmen Grottoes at that time with the help of documents and materials.In this paper,the images of musical instruments in Longmen Grottoes are classified and sorted in detail according to the modern musical instrument classification.Among them,there are seven kinds of drums,such as the thin-waisted drum,the bronze pluck,the Qing,the clapper,the drum,the two-staff drum and the Jilou drum,and four kinds of stringed instruments,such as the pipa,the Zheng,the Ruan and the harp and there are another seven kinds of wind instruments,such as Pan Xiao,Sheng,Hengdi,Tartar pipe,Xiao,clarinet and Bei.These images of Longmen Grottoes musical instruments provide a complete evidence for history,representing a major change in the history of Chinese music.