论曹植诗歌的比兴寄托

On the Metaphorical Interpretation of Bixing in CAO Zhi′s Poetry

曹植诗歌多用“以喻释兴”的比兴手法寄托对友人的劝勉、担忧之情,对亲人的牵挂、剖白之感,以及对自身志向的坚持、期冀之念。曹植继承了屈原以来以男女关系象征君臣关系的香草美人传统,以香草喻贤臣,用茱萸喻小人,借佳人喻君王。此外,曹植还借夫妻关系喻君臣关系,以被丈夫抛弃的孤妾喻逐臣。曹植诗歌的比兴手法具有委婉含蓄、感情真挚等特征,且留有余悲。

The frequent use the metaphorical Bixing could be seen in CAO Zhi′s poetry to interpret his encouragement,his care and worry to his friends and relatives,as well as his persistence and expectation of his own aspirations.He inherited the tradition of describing fragrant grass and beauty that symbolized the relationship between monarch and minister in comparison to the relationship between men and women since QU Yuan,in which the vanilla was symbolized for sage,dogwood for villain,beauty for king.In addition,the relationship between husband and wife was compared to such a relationship between the monarch and ministers,and the wife abandoned by the husband was regarded as a metaphor for the expelled generals and ministers.The use of Bixing technique made CAO Zhi′s poems linger with more taste of sorrow as well as indirectness and sincerity in expressing emotions.