基于遗传算法的宽带高增益全介质透镜天线优化设计

Design of a lens antenna with wideband and high gain characteristics based on genetic algorithm

提出一种基于多目标遗传算法的透镜天线优化方法,将透镜天线的增益和1-dB增益带宽作为优化目标,通过算法改变透镜的拓扑结构来实现优化.设计了一款宽带、高增益的全介质透镜天线,并利用3D打印技术对透镜进行加工,降低了加工成本.实测结果表明在6~18 GHz内馈源天线的增益提高了6.4~10 dB,在18GHz该透镜天线增益达到了23.8 dBi,最大口径效率为51.9%,1-dB增益带宽为40%.验证了该设计方法的有效性,同时也为透镜天线的优化设计提供了一种快捷、便利的方法.

In this research,a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed for the optimization of lens antenna.Different from the traditional optimization methods,which optimize the focus of the lens by using a formula or scanning parameters,this method directly takes the gain and 1-dB steady gain band of the lens antenna as the optimization objective.The topological structure of the lens is optimized by the algorithm.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a broadband,high-gain,all-dielectric lens antenna is designed,and the lens is fabricated by 3D printing technology,which can reduce the cost.The measurement results show that the lens effectively increases the gain of the source by 6.4-10 dB in 6-18 GHz,and the proposed antenna has a 23.8 dBi maximum gain at 18 GHz.In addition,the proposed design achieves a 40%1-dB gain bandwidth and 51.9%peak aperture efficiency.The effectiveness of the design method is verified.This research also provides a fast and convenient method for optimal design of lens antenna.