高一新生抑郁状况调查及心理干预对策

Investigation on depression status of freshmen in high school and psychological intervention countermeasures

目的本研究旨在调查分析高一新生的抑郁现状及影响因素,并据此制定心理干预对策。方法选取重庆市S中学近3年的高一新生作为研究对象,采用抑郁筛查量表(PHQ-9)进行调查,并结合研究对象的一般人口学信息对调查数据进行统计分析。结果研究对象的PHQ-9总分(6.57±4.70)分,其中男生得分(6.45±4.76)分,女生得分(6.70±4.64)分。研究对象各条目得分的均数为0.26~0.99分,得分位于前3位的条目依次为:入睡困难、睡不安稳或睡眠过多;做事时提不起劲或没有兴趣;感觉疲倦或没有活力。有2个条目的得分存在性别差异(P<0.05),其中女生在条目2上的得分显著高于男生。根据研究对象PHQ-9得分情况,检出重度抑郁33人,占比1.8%;中重度抑郁98人,占比5.3%;中度抑郁293人,占比15.9%;轻度抑郁718人,占比39.1%;没有抑郁696人,仅占研究对象的37.9%。以抑郁症状严重程度为因变量,以年级、性别、生源地、家庭结构、学生干部经历及年龄为自变量进行Ordinal回归分析。结果显示:相对于生源地为农村的研究对象,生源地为城市的研究对象抑郁严重程度更轻(OR=0.774,P=0.036);相对于没有学生干部经历的研究对象,有学生干部经历的研究对象抑郁严重程度更重(OR=1.198,P=0.050)。结论抑郁状况在高一新生中比较常见,受众多因素的影响。学校应该尽量关注学生的心理健康水平,提供心理干预对策,以减少抑郁的发生,避免严重后果。

Objective This study aimed to investigate and analyze the developments and influencing factors of depression in high school freshmen to formulate psychological intervention strategies.Methods The freshmen of S middle school in Chongqing in recent 3 years were selected as the study participants.The depression screening scale-Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)was used to conduct the survey.The survey data were statistically analyzed in combination with the general demographic information.Results The total score of PHQ-9 was 6.57±4.70,with 6.45±4.76 points in boys and 6.70±4.64 points in girls.The mean scores of each item of the study participants ranged from 0.26 to 0.99,and the top three items were:difficulty falling asleep,unsteady sleep,or excessive sleep;dispirited or disinterested when doing things;and feeling tired or devitalized.There were gender differences in the scores of 2 items(P<0.05),and the second item scores of female students were significantly higher than those of male students.According to the PHQ-9 score of the study participants,33 patients(1.8%)with severe depression,98 patients(5.3%)with moderate to severe depression,293 patients(15.9%)with moderate depression,718 patients(39.1%)with mild depression and only 696 patients(37.9%)without depression tendency were detected.Ordinal regression analysis was performed with the severity of depressive symptoms as the dependent variable and grade,gender,place of origin,family structure,student leader experience,and age as independent variables.The results showed that the severity of depression was lower in urban students than in rural students(OR=0.774,P=0.036),and higher in students with leader experience than in those without leader experience(OR=1.198,P=0.050).Conclusion Depression is common in high school freshmen and is influenced by various factors.School administrations should pay attention to students’mental health levels as much as possible and provide psychological intervention countermeasures in order to reduce the occurrence of depression and avoid serious consequences.