开封市2015—2020年部分市售食品中黄曲霉毒素污染状况调查及膳食暴露风险评估

Investigation of aflatoxin contamination status and dietary exposure risk assessment in some commercially available foods in Kaifeng from 2015 to 2020

目的了解2015—2020年开封市部分市售食品中黄曲霉毒素(AFT)的污染状况,评估居民膳食中AFT的暴露水平及潜在健康风险,为完善开封市食品卫生标准提供科学依据。方法在开封市9个县、区的超市、农贸市场随机采集谷类及其制品、植物油、坚果及籽类、调味品、乳制品、酒、茶叶、豆及豆制品等食品共738份,采用液相色谱-荧光检测法对乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M_(1)(AFM_(1))进行检测,采用免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱法对其他样品中黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))、黄曲霉毒素B_(2)(AFB_(2))、黄曲霉毒素G_(1)(AFG_(1))、黄曲霉毒素G_(2)(AFG_(2))进行检测,并对检测结果进行评价。采用食物频率法收集开封市居民上述食物消费量,采用简单分布评估和暴露限值(MOE)法计算膳食中AFB_(1)的暴露水平和致癌风险。结果738份样品中共有267份样品检出AFT,检出率为36.2%,总超标率为5.0%。花生中AFT超标率最高,为15.3%。4种AFT(AFB_(1)、AFB_(2)、AFG_(1)、AFG_(2))中AFB_(1)的检出率最高,为25.7%,花生中AFT及AFB_(1)检出水平最高值最高,分别为43.700 ug/kg、36.400 ug/kg。开封市居民膳食中AFB_(1)总暴露量为12.07 ng/kg BW,谷类及其制品、植物油、坚果类、调味品类、豆与豆制品类及酒类对AFB_(1)的膳食暴露量贡献率分别为9.36%、22.29%、58.32%、6.46%、2.82%及0.99%。居民通过摄入被AFB_(1)污染的食物引起肝癌的风险:0.025例/10万人(谷类及其制品)、0.059例/10万人(植物油)、0.154例/10万人(坚果类)、0.017例/10万人(调味品类)、0.007例/10万人(豆与豆制品类)及0.003例/10万人(酒类)。MOE值由低到高依次为:坚果类、植物油、谷类及其制品、调味品类、豆与豆制品类、酒类。结论开封市市售食品存在AFT污染情况,坚果类及植物油在控制开封市居民膳食中AFT暴露水平和致癌发病风险中是不可忽视的重点食品,应加大监管及宣传力度,指导群众健康饮食。

Objective To understand the contamination status of aflatoxin(AFT)in some commercially available foods in Kaifeng from 2015 to 2020 and evaluate the exposure level of AFT in the diet of residents and potential health risks,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the food hygiene standards in Kaifeng.Methods A total of 738 samples of cereal products,vegetable oils,nuts and seeds,condiments,dairy products,wine,tea,beans,and soy products were randomly collected from supermarkets and farmers'markets in 9 counties and districts of Kaifeng City.Aflatoxin M_(1)(AFM_(1))in dairy products was detected by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),aflatoxin B_(2)(AFB_(2)),aflatoxin G_(1)(AFG_(1)),and aflatoxin G_(2)(AFG_(2))in other samples were detected by immunoaffinity column purification-high performance liquid chromatography.The detection results were evaluated.The food frequency method was used to collect the above food consumption of Kaifeng residents.The simple distribution assessment and margin of exposure(MOE)method were used to calculate the dietary AFB_(1) exposure level and carcinogenic risk.Results AFT was detected in 267 of 738 samples,with a detection rate and the total excess rate of 36.2%and 5.0%,respectively.The highest excess rate of AFT was detected in peanuts(15.3%).The detection rate of AFB_(1) was the highest among the four AFTs(AFB_(1),AFB_(2),AFG_(1),AFG_(2))of 25.7%,and the highest detection levels of AFT and AFB_(1) were 43.700 ug/kg and 36.400 ug/kg in peanuts,respectively.The total dietary exposure to AFB_(1) in Kaifeng residents was 12.07 ng/kg BW,and cereals and their products,edible vegetable oils,nuts,condiments,soy products,and alcoholic beverages contributed 9.36%,22.29%,58.32%,6.46%,2.82%,and 0.99%to AFB_(1) dietary exposure,respectively.Residents'risk of liver cancer through consumption of AFB_(1)-contaminated food was 0.025 per 100000 persons for cereals and their products,0.059 per 100000 persons for vegetable oils,0.154 per 100000 persons for nuts,0.017 per 100000 persons for seasonings,0.007 per 100000 persons for soy products,and 0.003 per 100000 persons for alcoholic beverages.MOE values from low to high were:nuts,edible vegetable oils,cereals and their products,condiments,soy products,and alcoholic beverages.Conclusion AFT contamination was observed in commercial food in Kaifeng City.Nuts and vegetable oils are important foods that cannot be ignored in control-ling AFT exposure level and carcinogenic risk in the diet of Kaifeng residents.Supervision and publicity should be strength-ened to guide the healthy diet of the public.