基于误吸风险评估策略的分层护理干预对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者营养状态及主要照顾者误吸知信行的影响

Effects of stratified nursing intervention based on aspiration risk assessment strategy on nutritional status of patients with dysphagia after stroke and aspiration knowledge-belief-behavior of primary caregivers

目的探讨基于误吸风险评估策略的分层护理干预对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者营养状态及主要照顾者误吸知信行的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月我院收治的76例脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者,以抽签法将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各38例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上应用基于误吸风险评估策略的分层护理干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果观察组的误吸总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)及总蛋白(TP)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者主要照顾者的知识、信念、行为评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于误吸风险评估策略的分层护理干预应用于脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者中,有助于降低误吸发生率、提高营养状态,促进主要照顾者误吸知信行改善,值得推广。

Objective To explore the effect of stratified nursing intervention based on aspiration risk assessment strategy on nutritional status of patients with dysphagia after stroke and aspiration knowledge-belief-behavior of primary caregivers.Methods A total of 76 patients with dysphagia after stroke admitted in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group by lottery method,with 38 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention,and the observation group received stratified nursing intervention based on aspiration risk assessment strategy on the basis of routine nursing.The intervention effects of the two groups were compared.Results The total incidence of aspiration in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(Hb)and total protein(TP)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the knowledge,belief and behavior scores of the primary caregivers of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Stratified nursing intervention based on aspiration risk assessment strategy applied in patients with dysphagia after stroke is helpful to reduce the incidence of aspiration,improve the nutritional status,and promote the improvement of the primary caregivers’aspiration knowledge-belief-behavior,which is worthy of promotion.