进口对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响研究--基于产业关联的视角

Research on the Impact of Imports on TFP of Manufacturing Enterprises—From the Perspective of Industrial Linkage

本文利用中国工业企业数据、进口关税数据及投入产出表,从产业关联的角度来研究进口对企业生产率的影响。多种检验结果发现:上游行业及本行业进口对企业全要素生产率产生显著正向影响,而下游行业进口则对企业全要素生产率产生负向作用。从作用机制上来看,上游行业贸易自由化改善企业所在行业的技术水平及产品创新能力,提高企业全要素生产率。而下游行业进口通过阻碍企业技术的增长及产品创新,从而抑制企业全要素生产率的提高。从分样本的估计结果来看,上游行业及本行业进口对民营企业、东部地区及中等效率企业的促进效应更为明显,而下游行业进口对技术差距小的企业生产率的竞争效应更为显著。另外,下游行业贸易自由化主要使非出口企业获益。下游行业进口与非贸易企业之间存在互补效应,与贸易企业之间存在竞争效应。本文的研究结论为全面审视进口的产业链溢出效应,实现企业技术升级、优化进口政策提供实践参考。

This paper investigates the impact of imports on the total factor productivity(TFP)of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of industrial linkage,using China’s industrial enterprise data,import tariff data and input-output tables from 1998 to 2007.The results of multiple tests reveal that imports from upstream and middle industries have a significant positive effect on the TFP of enterprises,while those from downstream industries has a negative impact.In terms of the mechanism of action,the trade liberalization of upstream industries improves the technological level and product innovation of the middle industries,thus increasing the TFP of enterprises.However,imports from downstream industries hinder the technological level and product innovation,thus inhibiting the improvement of TFP.From the estimation results of sub-samples,the promotion effect of imports from upstream and middle industries is more significant on the TFP of private enterprises,enterprises in the eastern region,and medium-efficiency enterprises.However,the competition effect of imports from downstream industries is more significant on the TFP of low technology gap enterprises,and trade liberalization in downstream industries mainly benefits from non-export enterprises.Moreover,imports from downstream industries have a complementary effect on non-trading enterprises and a competitive effect on trading enterprises.These findings may provide a practical reference for comprehensively examining the industrial chain spillover effect of imports,realizing technological upgrading,and optimizing import policies.