北宋仁宗朝“明体达用”思想与文体观——以范仲淹为中心

The Thought of “Ming Ti Da Yong” and Stylistic View in Renzong’s Period of Northern Song Dynasty——Centered on Fan Zhongyan

“明体达用”是合道德之“体”与经世之“用”为一体的治道思想,是论述“道”之全者的宋学的核心精神。宋初士大夫为了救衰除弊,回归三代,融合先秦的圣人德业观与“体用”思维,以范仲淹为引领,以胡瑗、孙复、李觏、欧阳修等为翼助,通过讲道兴学与变法改制,在伦理、政治、社会、学术诸方面建立治道规范,在仁宗朝形成了“明体达用”的思潮。范仲淹注解《周易》论君德与行道本末,以经义推明治道;通过教育和科举改革,培育兼具“一德”“达用”、辅成王道的大才;创作“贯通经术,明达政体”之文,为北宋的诗文革新运动提供了价值导向。在文体观上,以“宗圣”为导,以“治乱”为辨,以“达用”为宗,探索“文”的体用之道。如明辨典制,“典”为常法,“制”为一般王命,二者以治乱为辨,然“制”统诏令,拥有至高权力;改造律赋,突出讽喻功能,阐明物理,放宽声律以便于论政。范仲淹的“明体达用”思想代表了宋学的前期成就,体现了体、用、文三者合一的宋学精神和文体思想观念。

“Ming Ti Da Yong” is a governing thought integrating the “body” of morality and the “use” of the world. It is the core spirit of Song school, which discusses the integrity of “Tao”. In order to save the decline and eliminate the disadvantages, the scholar bureaucrats in the early Song Dynasty returned to the three dynasties, integrated the sage’s view of virtue and industry and the thinking of “body and use” in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, led by Fan Zhongyan, assisted by Hu Yuan, Sun Fu, Li Gou, Ouyang Xiu, etc., established the norms of governance in ethics, politics, society, and academia through preaching and reform, and formed the ideological trend of “Ming body and use” in the Renzong’s period. Fan Zhongyan annotated the book of changes on the essence of monarchy and morality, and on Meiji Dao with Sutra;Through the reform of education and imperial examination, cultivate talents with “one virtue” and “application” to help become kings;The creation of “penetrating the classics and understanding the regime” provided a value orientation for the poetry and prose innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. In terms of literary style, we should explore the way of using “Literature” guided by “Zong Sheng”, debated by “chaos control”, and based on “application”. For example, clearly distinguish the canon system, the “canon” is the common law, and the “system” is the general King’s order. The two are distinguished by the governance of chaos, but the “system” governs the imperial edict and has supreme power;Transform the law and Fu, highlight the allegorical function, clarify physics, and relax the sound and law for the convenience of politics. Fan Zhongyan’s thought of “Ming Ti Da Yong” represents the early achievements of song studies, and embodies the unity of style, use and literature.