船舶压载水处理技术研究与应用进展

Advances in Study of Technology and Application on the Treatment of Ballast Water

船舶压载水中含有大量生物,包括细菌、病毒、浮游生物及多种物种的卵、幼体等。未经处理的压载水排放也已成为水生外来物种入侵的一个重要媒介,船舶压载水造成的环境污染和生态退化问题引起了国内外公众和学者的广泛关注。船舶压载水的无害化排放必须采取合理有效的管理措施和处理技术,这是解决问题的有效途径。目前,世界各方对压载水无害化排放的日益关注加速了压载水管理(BWM)国际法规的完善和处理技术的发展。世界各国对压载水排放控制、压载水更替操作、压载水处理技术的研发,压载水处理设备的研制和认证都高度关注。本文总结了自2004年以来国际海事组织(IMO)和美国海岸警卫队(USCG)对于BWM法规的制定和实施过程;阐述了目前压载水处理技术的最新研究进展、技术原理及其应用的优缺点;总结了已通过IMO和USCG认证的压载水管理系统情况,并对典型压载水处理装置和压载水处理技术的成本效益进行了分析和比较。

Ballast water(BTW)contains a large number of organisms,such as bacteria,viruses,plankton etc.The discharge of untreated BTW has also become an important medium for the invasion of aquatic alien species,which pose almost uncountable economic loss and human health security risks.The environmental pollution and ecological degradation caused by the discharge of BTW have raised considerable attention around the world.Both effective BWT treatments and proper ballast water managements(BWM)are required to solve this problem.Since 2004,different methods to treat BWT and implement of the BWM regulations have been published by the International Maritime Organization(IMO)or United States Coast Guard(USCG).This paper summarizes a review of the latest developments in the BWT field.