棉花品种抗旱性相关指标分析与综合评价

Indexes Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Cotton Varieties

为揭示与陆地棉抗旱性紧密关联的农艺性状及生理生化指标,筛选出抗旱能力强的品种资源,以国内外203份陆地棉品种资源为试验材料,设置干旱胁迫和正常灌溉2个处理,测定不同棉花品种在2个处理下农艺性状及生理生化指标的差异,利用灰色关联度、抗旱综合度量值、综合抗旱系数、加权综合抗旱系数等方法,对203份陆地棉材料的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明,各性状指标与抗旱综合度量值(D值)间的紧密关系依次为:叶绿素含量>单铃重>衣分>株高>果枝数>始节位>叶面积>始节高>脯氨酸含量>果节数>有效结铃数>单株产量>丙二醛含量>超氧化物歧化酶活性;叶绿素含量、单铃重、衣分、株高、果枝数、始节位、叶面积、始节高与加权综合抗旱系数的关联度较大,可作为棉花抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析表明,203份种质资源被划分为5个类群:第Ⅰ类为高抗旱型,包含鄂抗棉10、赣棉10、土库曼陆地棉等共12份品种,占5.9%;第Ⅱ类为抗旱型,包含KK-1543、豫棉15、皖棉8407等共62份品种,占30.5%;第Ⅲ类为中等耐旱型,包含晋棉6、新陆中48、鲁棉28等共80份品种,占39.4%;第Ⅳ类为敏旱型,包含豫棉17、17N8、农垦5等共35份品种,占17.3%;第Ⅴ类为高度敏旱型,包含新陆早24、新陆早29、冀棉12等共14份品种,占6.9%。研究成果为棉花抗旱育种提供了理论依据及材料支持。

To screen the index closely related to drought resistance of upland cotton and varieties with high drought resistance,203 upland cotton varieties resources from home and abroad were as materials. The agronomic traits and indexes of physiological and biochemical were determined in drought stress and normal irrigation treatments. The drought resistances of 203 varieties were comprehensively evaluated by grey correlation degree,comprehensive measurement of drought resistance,comprehensive drought resistance coefficient and weighted comprehensive drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that the close relationships between index and comprehensive measure of drought resistance(D value)were as followed,chlorophyll content > boll weight > lint percent > plant height > fruit branch > the frist node fruit branch > leaf area > height of the frist node fruit branch > proline content >fruit node > bolls number > yield per plant > molondialdehyde content > superoxide dismutase activity. It showed that chlorophyll content,boll weight,lint percentage,plant height,number of fruit branch,the first node of fruit branch,leaf area and the height of the first node of fruit branch were closed relationships with D value and could be as important indexes identified drought-resistant. The cluster analysis showed that 203 upland cotton varieties were divided into 5 types. Type Ⅰ included 12 cotton varieties(such as Ekangmian 10,Ganmian 10,Turkmen land cotton,etc.)and showed high drought resistance,accounting 5.9%. Type Ⅱ included 62 cotton varieties(such as KK-1543,Yumian 15,Wanmian 8407,etc.)and showed middle drought resistance,accounting 30.5%. Type Ⅲ included 80 cotton varieties(such as Jinmian 6,Xinluzhong 48,Lumian 28,etc.)and showed drought tolerance,accounting 39.4%. Type Ⅳ included 35 cotton varieties(such as Yumian 17,17N8,Nongken 5,etc.)and showed drought sensitive,accounting 17.3%. Type Ⅴ included 14 cotton varieties(such as Xinluzao 24,Xinluzao 29,Jimian 12,et al.)and showed high sensitive to drought,accounting 6.9%. The indexes and varieties of high drought resistance were screened,which provided theoretical and material support for drought resistant breeding of cotton.