植物耐盐机理研究进展

Advances in Research on Salt Tolerance Mechanism of Plants

高盐是限制农作物生长和生产最主要的非生物逆境之一。土壤中过多的盐离子对植物细胞造成渗透、离子和氧化胁迫。植物感知胁迫信号后,激活脱落酸、盐过敏感通路维持体内渗透平衡和离子稳态,运行抗氧化系统以应对过量的活性氧。本文通过信号转导、渗透保护剂及溶质的生物合成、离子稳态及区域化、抗氧化系统和植物激素调控等方面综述了植物盐胁迫反应的组成、途径及其调控机制的研究进展,有助于研究人员在逆境条件下培育高产优质的农作物。

High salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and production.Excessive salt ions in soil cause osmotic,ionic and oxidative stress to plant cells.Plants respond to stress signals by activating ascorbic acid and salt overly sensitive pathways to maintain ion homeostasis and osmotic balance as well as antioxidant systems to combat excessive reactive oxygen species.In this review,we summarize the research progress on the components,pathways and regulatory mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants from the aspects of signal transduction,biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and solutes,ion homeostasis and regionalization,antioxidant system and plant hormone regulation.It can help researchers develop high-yield and high-quality crops under stress conditions.