不同氮素利用效率型小麦品种的生理差异分析

Analysis of Physiological Differences of Wheat Varieties with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency

以不同氮素利用效率型小麦品种(2个氮高效、2个氮低效和2个中间型)为材料,分别在灌溉及雨养条件下测定其花后旗叶氮素同化及转运相关酶等生理性状的动态变化,同时在开花期和成熟期测定氮素积累及转运相关性状。结果表明,氮高效型品种晋麦54和晋麦66具有更高的植株氮素积累总量、氮素籽粒生产效率、氮素干物质生产效率、花后氮素转运量、花后氮素转运效率和单株产量,以及更低的花前氮素转运量和花前对籽粒氮积累的贡献率。同时,氮高效型品种的各酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量高于其他4个品种,而中间型品种晋麦73和泰麦269又高于氮低效型品种晋麦61和泰农18。相关性分析结果显示,参试小麦品种多数关键酶活性与氮素籽粒生产效率、氮素干物质生产效率、花后氮素转运量、花后氮素转运效率、花后对籽粒氮积累的贡献率和单株产量呈显著正相关;与花前对籽粒氮积累的贡献率和花前氮素转运量呈显著负相关。

The dynamic changes of physiological traits such as nitrogen assimilation and transport-related enzymes in flag leaves of six wheat varieties with different nitrogen use efficiencies(NUE)(two high nitrogen use efficiency varieties,two low nitrogen use efficiency varieties and two intermediate varieties)were measured under irrigation and rain-fed conditions.The traits of nitrogen accumulation and transportation were also measured at the flowering and maturity stages.The results showed that the high NUE varieties(Jinmai 54 and Jinmai 66)had higher amounts of accumulated nitrogen after flowering(AAN),higher nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain production(NUEG),higher nitrogen utilization efficiency for biomass production(NUEB),higher nitrogen transport amount after flowering(NTTAF),higher nitrogen transport efficiency after flowering(NTEAF),higher contribution rate of grain nitrogen accumulation after flowering(CGNAF)and higher yield per plant(YPP),but lower nitrogen transport amount before flowering(NTABF),lower contribution rate of grain nitrogen accumulation before flowering(CGNBF)than other varieties.At the same time,the enzyme activities and soluble protein content of the high NUE varieties were always higher than that of the other four varieties,while the intermediate varieties were higher than that of the low NUE varieties.Correlation analysis results showed that most of the activities of enzymes were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with NUEG,NUEB,NTTAF,NTEAF,CGNAF and YPP,and they were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with NTABF and CGNBF.