福建烟区土壤养分演变特征

Evolution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Tobacco-growing Areas of Fujian Province

2020年通过对福建3个主产烟区的1199个代表性样点取样分析,研究福建烟区植烟土壤主要养分现状与演变。结果表明:福建烟区土壤pH值平均为5.54±0.41;土壤有机质和氮素含量较适宜优质烟生产,有机质平均值为(27.21±7.79) g/kg;全氮平均值为(1.436±0.373) g/kg,碱解氮平均值为(142.09±47.97)mg/kg;土壤速效磷含量丰富,平均值为(50.46±24.44) mg/kg;土壤速效钾含量处于中等水平,平均值为(174.35±89.03) mg/kg,但变异系数较大(51.1%),仍有42.85%土壤速效钾<150 mg/kg;土壤有效硫平均值为(23.93±20.92) mg/kg,变异系数大(87.4%),有效硫<12 mg/kg的土壤占28.7%;有效硼含量适中,平均值为(0.693±0.308) mg/kg;土壤水溶性氯含量平均值为(19.42±12.31) mg/kg,在比较适宜范围。与2005年相比,龙岩土壤pH值平均值有明显上升,三明、南平土壤pH值降低,南平、三明分别有49.86%、58.47%的土壤pH值<5.5,有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量有所下降,速效磷含量继续增加,速效钾含量明显提高,由原来极缺变为适中,有效硫含量略下降,有效硼平均含量明显提高,从普遍缺乏变为适中,土壤水溶性氯含量有所下降。

The nutrients in 1199 soil samples collected from 3 tobacco-growing areas of Fujian in 2020 were analyzed to study the status and evolution of soil nutrients. The Results showed that average pH value was 5.54±0.41, The contents of soil organic matter and nitrogen were suitable for high-quality tobacco production, The average organic matters, total N and alkalihydrolysable N were(27.2±7.79) g/kg,(1.436±0.373) g/kg and(142.09±47.97) mg/kg, respectively. The average content of available P was(50.46±24.44) mg/kg, The average content of available K was(174.35±89.03) mg/kg, while it was not uniformly distributed, with a coefficient of variation of 51.1%, and available K content in 42.85% of the samples were lower than 150mg/kg. The average content of available S was(23.93±20.92) mg/kg, while it was not uniformly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 87.4%, and the available S contents in 28.7% of the samples were lower than 12 mg/kg. The average content of available B was(0.693±0.308) mg/kg, which was suitable for high-quality tobacco production. The average content of watersoluble Cl was(19.42±12.31) mg/kg, which suitable for high-quality flue-cured tobacco production. Compared with 2005, soil pH of Longyan was commonly increased, and soil pH of Sanming and Nanping showed a trend of decrease, the proportion of soil samples with pH value<5.5 in Nanping and Sanming was 49.85% and 58.47% respectively. The average organic matters, total N and alkali-hydrolysable N were decreased, The content of available phosphorus continued to increase, and the content of available potassium increased obviously, from extremely deficient to moderate. The available S and water-soluble Cl contents were slightly decreased. The average content of available B was increased obviously, from extremely deficient to moderate.