黄河流域的环境污染特征模型及污染防治研究

Study on Environmental Pollution Characteristic Model and Pollution Prevention and Control in Yellow River Basin

以兰州段黄河流域为研究对象,收集了该段流域2012—2021年的水文资料、气象资料、土壤资料。首先,估算了2012—2021年的农业面源污染负荷,在农业面源污染负荷分析中,包括化肥施用、水土流失、畜禽养殖、农业生产中总氮和总磷的负荷,并估算了兰州段黄河流域总氮、总磷的总负荷。其次,构建了SWAT模型模拟农业面源污染,分析了影响该段污染的相关因素。最后,根据兰州段黄河领域的农业面源污染现状,分析了其面源污染的特征,并提出了兰州段黄河流域农业面源污染的工程和非工程性防治对策和建议。

The Lanzhou section of the Yellow River Basin was taken as the research object, and the hydrological data,meteorological data and soil data from 2012 to 2021 were collected. Firstly, the agricultural non-point source pollution load from 2012 to 2021 was calculated. The agricultural non-point source pollution load analysis included the total nitrogen and total phosphorus load under the use of chemical fertilizer, soil erosion, livestock and poultry breeding and rural life, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus load of the Yellow River Basin in Lanzhou section was estimated. Secondly, SWAT model was constructed to simulate agricultural non-point source pollution and analyze the relevant factors affecting the pollution in this section. Finally, according to the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Yellow River area of Lanzhou section, the characteristics of non-point source pollution were analyzed, and the engineering and non-engineering prevention countermeasures of the agricultural non-point source in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River Basin were put forward.