物质阐释学:一个概念史

Material Hermeneutics:A Review of Conceptual History

在中世纪,阐释学从圣经注释研究发展为语文学理论方法,形成一种“局部阐释学”,关注和阐发了语言、文本、文献的物质维度。启蒙运动以来形成的“一般阐释学”,其重心转向对“理解的艺术”和“精神科学”的探索,暗含对语文学及其物质维度的隐藏。之后的“哲学阐释学”集中关注理解本身,物质性退居阐释活动的后台。20世纪中叶以来,对现代阐释学的反思和反拨日益增多,一方面,语文学传统回归文学阐释学视域,基于文学文本的物质性形成了一种“物质阐释学”;另一方面,基于技科学的物质性形成了一种“事物阐释学”。进入21世纪,各局部学科的相关思想会通融合,渐次集聚为具有一般方法论意义的“物质阐释学”,为美学和文艺学研究提出了新的阐释视野和理论参照。

In the Middle Ages,hermeneutics developed from biblical exegesis to the theoretical method of philology,forming a“partial hermeneutics”,which focused on and elucidated the material dimensions of language,text and literature.The core of“general hermeneutics”since the Enlightenment turned its focus to the exploration of“the art of understanding”and“spiritual science”,implying the concealment of philology and its material dimensions.The subsequent“philosophical hermeneutics”focused more on understanding itself,and materiality retreated to the background of interpretation activities.Since the mid-20th century,the reflection and backwash on modern hermeneutics have increased continuously.On the one hand,the philology tradition has returned to the field of literary hermeneutics and formed a“material hermeneutics”based on the materiality of literary texts;on the other hand,based on the materiality of techno-science,a“hermeneutics of things”has been formed.In the 21century,the relevant ideas of various local disciplines gradually integrated and accumulated into“material hermeneutics”with general methodological significance,which offers a new perspective of hermeneutics and theoretical reference for the study of aesthetics and the theory of literature and art.