榆林山地苹果简易化快速整形修剪技术研究

Study on Simplified and Rapid Technology for Shaping and Pruning of Apples in Mountain Area of Yulin

近年来,榆林大力发展山地苹果,集中连片栽植,规模较大,为进一步培养树形,提高果实产量,本试验以长富2号、烟富3和瑞雪为试材,研究简易化快速整形修剪技术,对果树栽后第二年、第三年冬剪连续两年抹光杆(保留中央领导干延长头),调查其五年生树体生长量和2015-2019年产量。结果表明:采用二年抹光杆修剪技术,能够显著提高幼树生长势,加快树形培养;长富2号五年生干径较对照增粗2.03cm,分枝数较对照增加5.7个,枝干比较对照降低0.36,中短枝比例显著增加,短枝比例较对照升高19.7%。2019年(九年生)长富2号产量1815.7 kg/667 m+2,较对照增收1309.2 kg,2015-2019年累计产量为5323.7kg,较对照增加3438.0 kg,每年较对照平均增产687.6 kg,增产效果显著。

In recent years,apple planting in mountain area was vigorously developed on larger scale byYulin government.In order to further cultivate architecture of the apple trees,increase fruit yield,Nagafu 2,Yanfu2,Yanfu3 and Ruixue apple were used as materials to study its rapid trimming technology.The growth of the five years’tree and furit yield were investigated from year of 2015-2019.The results showed that the Moguanggan pruning technique on the second year could significantly improve the growth potential and speed up the tree architecture.Compared with the control,the five-year diameter of Nagafu 2 was 2.03 cm,the number of branches increased by 5.7,the proportion of medium and short branches decreased by 0.36,and the proportion of short branches increased significantly by 19.7%.In 2019(the fifth year),the yield of Nagafu 2 per 667 m+2 was 1815.7 kg,with an increase of 1309.2 kg compared with the control.From 2015 to 2019,the accumulative yield was 5323.7 kg,with an increase of 3438.0 kg compared with the control,the average increase was 687.6 kg per year.