电动汽车充电设施时空双维度投资分析模型及投资激励模式研究

Investment Motivation Analysis of Electric Vehicle Facilities and Corresponding Incentive Scheme Design

为了深入分析电动汽车充电设施发展动力不足的内在原因,提出相应的对策方案,以促进电动汽车产业的快速发展,本文从充电设施投资的时间维度和空间维度出发,将参与充电市场投建的两个及多个充电设施服务商作为研究对象,分别分析了其在序贯投资和同时投资模型下,不同区域市场的动态投资行为,并设计了对应的激励方案。研究发现:在电动汽车发展初期,无论是两个还是多个充电设施服务商,在序贯投资和同时投资场景下,都会受投建充电站成本的影响,而倾向于在相对低需求的市场投建充电设施,该选择行为将随着电动汽车的发展逐渐转向高需求市场;为提高充电设施服务商向高需求市场投资的力度,增加高需求市场的充电设施数量,本文分别设计了序贯投资场景和同时投资场景下的投资激励方案,并给出了激励金的最低限额取值和激励措施的终止条件。算例分析结果验证了本文提出的模型与理论分析的可行性。

Charging inconvenience has become one of the main obstacles to popularizing electric vehicles.In order to find the internal reasons why electric vehicle facility providers are not motivated to invest in electric vehicle facilities and work out corresponding countermeasures so as to promote the rapid development of electric vehicles,this paper analyzes the dynamic investment behavior of charging-facility-service providers in different regional markets under the sequential investment and the simultaneous investment model from the perspective of space dimension and time dimension,and furthermore constructs the corresponding incentive scheme.The results indicate that in the early stage of electric vehicles development,under either sequential investment or simultaneous investment scenario,charging facility service providers tended to invest in relatively low-demand markets due to the impact of the cost of building a charging station in an area with high demand for electric vehicle charging;however,the choice will shift to a high-demand market along with the development of electric vehicles.For the purpose of motivating service providers to invest in high-demand market and thereby increasing the number of charging facilities in high-demand market,this paper designs a corresponding investment incentive scheme for the sequential investment scenario and the simultaneous investment scenario respectively together with the proposed minimum incentive amount and conditions for terminating the incentive policies.The results of numerical examples verify the feasibility of the proposed strategies.