新冠肺炎疫情信息对民众风险认知和应对行为的影响机制研究

A Study on the Mechanism of How COVID-19 Information Influences the Public’s Risk Perception and Coping Behavior

本研究通过对2144位居民的问卷调查,从风险沟通的视角入手,首先,考察了新冠肺炎疫情期间风险信息对民众应对行为的影响,探讨了风险认知的中介作用和民众心理紧张度的调节作用。研究结果发现,在风险信息上,治愈信息和患病信息对民众的风险认知影响最大,它显著地高于与自身关系密切的信息和防控措施的影响;其次,与2003年SARS期间风险认知因素空间位置图的结果相比较,新冠肺炎的“病因”从不熟悉和不可控的一端转向可控和熟悉一端,这表明,我国民众的风险认知能力比2003年有较大的改善。但是,“愈后对身体的影响”和“有无传染性”仍然处于不熟悉和不可控制一端;再次,我国新冠肺炎疫情中心地带的民众,在心理存在着“台风眼效应”;最后,疫情信息通过风险认知对民众的应对行为产生影响,这进一步验证了风险预测模型的适用性。同时,心理紧张度调节了风险认知在风险信息与应对行为之间的中介关系,这为今后应对重大公共卫生突发事件提供了可资借鉴的对策和建议。

Through a questionnaire survey of 2,144 people,this study,from the perspective of risk communication,investigates the impact of risk information on people’s coping behavior during the epidemic and explores the mediating role of risk perception and the moderating role of people’s psychological tension.The results show that,in terms of risk information,healing information and infection information has the greatest impact on people’s risk perception,and such impact is much more significant than the impact of individual-related information and anti-epidemic measures.Compared with the results of spatial location map of SARS risk perception factors in 2003,the“etiology”of COVID-19 has shifted from the familiar and uncontrollable end to the controllable and familiar end.This suggests that individuals’risk perception ability in 2019 is much better than that in 2003.However,the“post-healing effects on body”and“non-infectivity”are still at the unfamiliar and uncontrollable end.Furthermore,the psychological“Typhoon Eye Effect”exists in the population of the COVID-19 epidemic center.Finally,the epidemic information has an impact on the public’s coping behavior through risk perception,which further verifies the applicability of the risk prediction model,and psychological stress moderates the relationship between risk information and coping behavior.The conclusion of this study provides some suggestions and potential countermeasures for dealing with public health emergencies.