高原传统农区土地利用功能演变及其生态环境效应

Evolution of Land Use Function and Its Ecological and Environmental Effects in Traditional Agricultural Areas of the Plateau

为探究高原传统农区不同梯度上土地利用功能演变及其对生态环境影响特征的差异性,选取云南省昌宁县作为研究区,基于2000年、2010年、2020年3期土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵、区域生态环境质量指数等方法对研究区土地利用功能演变特征及其生态环境效应进行了分析。结果表明:(1)高原农区垂直梯度上土地利用功能格局多样,近20 a来研究区土地利用功能结构变化表现为生活用地、生态用地分别增加2784.18,2561.29 hm^(2),而生产用地减少5345.47 hm^(2),生态用地主要集中在中、高起伏地貌区,生产、生活用地主要集中在低起伏地貌区。(2)高原农区生态环境效应空间差异明显,研究区土地利用功能演变对生态环境质量的影响总体平稳,生态环境质量指数总体维持在0.5982的良好水平,尤其在北部和中部的中、高起伏地貌区,坡耕地、低效园地等农业生产用地转入以林地为主的生态用地,促进区域生态环境稳定向好发展;而由于人口集聚、土地承载和利用过度,在中南部的低起伏地貌区,农业结构调整以及城镇化占用耕地、林地和草地等现象多发,致使局部生态环境质量呈退化趋势。总体而言,伴随人口压力的转移和利用程度的减弱,高原农区土地利用整体格局趋于优化,土地利用功能可持续性增强,区内生态环境质量向好发展。

In order to explore the difference of land use function evolution and its impact on ecological environment in different gradients of plateau traditional agricultural areas,based on the land use data of 2000,2010 and 2020,the land use transition matrix and regional eco-environmental quality index were used to analyse the characteristics of land use function evolution and its eco-environmental effects in the study area.The results show that:(1)The land use functional structure changes in the plateau agricultural region are varied along a vertical gradient.In the past 20 years,the land use for living and ecological purposes increased by 2784.18 hm^(2) and 2561.29 hm^(2),respectively,while the land for production purposes decreased by 5345.47 hm^(2).The ecological land use is mainly concentrated in the middle and high undulating geomorphic areas.The land for production and living is mainly concentrated in the low-relief landform area.(2)The spatial difference of eco-environmental effect in plateau agricultural area is obvious,the study area function of land use change on the influence of the ecological environment quality overall is smooth,the ecological environment quality index are generally well maintained at 0.5982 level,especially in the middle and high undulating landforms in the north and central regions,the agricultural production land such as slope farmland and low efficiency garden land has been transformed into ecological land dominated by forest land,which has promoted the stable and good development of regional ecological environment.However,due to population agglomeration,land carrying capacity and excessive utilisation,agricultural structure adjustment and urbanization,occupation of cultivated land,forest land and grassland in the low-relief landform area of central and southern China are frequent,resulting in a local ecological environmental quality degradation trend.In general,with the shift of population pressure and the weakening of the degree of land use,the overall pattern of land use in the plateau agricultural area tended to be optimised,the sustainability of land use function was enhanced,and the ecological environment quality in the plateau agricultural area developed well.