生态-经济权衡下国家中心城市土地利用优化配置——以武汉市为例

Optimal Allocation of Land Use in National Central Cities Under Ecological Economic Balance-Take Wuhan City as An Example

因国家中心城市的建设,武汉市在经济迅速发展的同时,生态环境面临严峻挑战。如何权衡生态保护与经济发展是区域土地利用优化配置的关键。以生态-经济综合效益最大化为目标,设置了经济优先情景、生态优先情景和综合发展情景,对比和分析了土地利用优化配置结果。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年耕地、林地大量减少而建设用地迅速扩张。经济优先情景下该趋势更加明显,水域也持续萎缩。而生态优先情景下林地和水域实现增长,建设用地扩张受到约束。(2)从土地利用结构优化上看,相较于其他情景单方面地偏于生态或经济,综合发展情景下武汉市生态-经济效益均能得到提升,其耦合协调度高于其他情景,新城区普遍优于中心城区。(3)从土地利用布局上看,综合发展情景下武汉市建设用地的适度扩张保障了城市经济的稳定发展,同时注重对林地和水域等生态用地的保护,景观破碎化程度较低且布局较为规则。因此,综合发展情景能兼顾生态-经济目标,促进区域高质量发展,同时也能为其他国家中心城市的发展提供借鉴。

Due to the construction of the National Central City,the ecological environment of Wuhan City is facing challenges with the rapid economic development.How to balance ecological protection and economic development is the key to the optimal allocation of regional land use.Aiming at maximising the comprehensive benefits of ecology and economy,this paper sets up economic priority scenario,ecological priority scenario and comprehensive development scenario,and compares and analyses the results of optimal allocation of land use.The research shows that:(1)From 2000 to 2018,cultivated land and forest land decreased significantly,while construction land expanded rapidly.Under the economic priority scenario,this trend is more obvious,and the water area continues to shrink.Under the scenario of ecological priority,the growth of forest land and water area is realised,and the expansion of construction land is constrained.(2)From the perspective of land use structure optimisation,compared with other scenarios,Wuhan City is unilaterally biased towards ecology or economy.Under the comprehensive development scenario,the ecological and economic benefits of Wuhan City can be improved,its coupled co-dispatching is higher than other scenarios,and the new urban area is universally better than the central urban area.(3)From the perspective of land use layout,under the comprehensive development scenario,the moderate expansion of construction land in Wuhan ensures the stable development of urban economy,while paying attention to the protection of ecological land such as forest land and water area,with a low degree of landscape fragmentation and regular layout.Therefore,the comprehensive development scenario can take into account the eco-economic objectives,promote regional high-quality development,and provide reference for the development of central cities in other countries.