基于高能水分特性法的土壤团聚体结构稳定性研究进展

Progress in Research on Structural Stability of Soil Aggregates Based on High Energy Moisture Characteristic Method

土壤团聚体稳定性是影响土壤质量、入渗、抗侵蚀能力及根系生长的重要土壤物理性质,同时也是判断土壤是否退化的重要指标。目前国内外关于团聚体稳定性的研究以分析团聚体水稳性为主,团聚体结构稳定性相关研究较少,而使用高能水分特性法(HEMC)测定团聚体结构稳定性重现性高,可检测不同处理间微小差异且试验及计算过程精准可控,在国外已有较多研究。研究通过HEMC法分析了土壤改良剂、土地利用与土壤管理和不同土壤理化性质下团聚体结构稳定性的特征及影响因子,结果表明不同处理间土壤团聚体结构稳定性差异较明显,且有机质与黏粒含量是影响团聚体结构稳定性的主要因素,而国内还鲜有相关报道。该研究就HEMC方法的原理、测定过程、数据处理、指标计算及相关研究进展进行了总结,并结合我国大力提倡保护耕地资源、修复退化土壤及实施植被恢复的大背景,对利用该方法进行土壤结构、土壤质量、土壤抗蚀性等方面的研究提出了一些建议,期望能够推广利用该方法,为土壤质量演变、构建和评价健康土壤提供基础数据支持。

The stability of soil aggregates is an important soil physical property which affects not only the soil quality,infiltration,resistance to erosion and root growth,but also is an important indicator for assessing whether a soil is degraded or not.At present,the researches on the stability of soil aggregate both in China and abroad mainly focus on the water stability with few studies on the structural stability of the aggregates.The high energy moisture characteristic(HEMC)method can determine the structural stability of soil aggregates,which is highly reproducible and can also determine small differences between different treatments.The test and calculation process can be accurately controlled,and many studies using the HEMC method have been reported abroad.There are many reports on the HEMC method for analyzing the characteristics and major factors which determine the structural stability with soil amendments,land use and soil management,and different soil physical and chemical properties.The results show that the structural stability of soil aggregates differs significantly between different treatments,and the contents of organic matter and clay are the main factors affecting the structural stability of soil aggregates.These studies were mainly reported overseas with few relevant reports in China.This research summarises the principles of the HEMC method,measuring process,data processing,index calculation and related research advances,and puts forward some suggestions for researches on soil structure,soil quality and soil resistance to erosion.The research combines the background relevant to arable land protection,restoration of degraded soils and vegetation restoration promoted in China.It is hoped that this method can be promoted and used for providing basic data support for the evolution of soil quality,promotion and evaluation of soil health.