小脑对吞咽神经调控机制的研究进展

Research progress on cerebellar regulation of swallowing nerve mechanism

吞咽是由复杂的神经系统控制的活动,需要脑干、大脑皮层和小脑共同参与。小脑是大脑负责调节运动的关键部分,参与吞咽的神经生理控制,在吞咽时小脑活动增强。另外小脑与吞咽还存在病理联系,刺激小脑可改善神经系统对吞咽运动的控制,引发咽部运动反应。本文主要考察小脑在吞咽控制中的作用,探索神经刺激和影像学研究的新发现,更好地了解健康状态下小脑与大脑吞咽运动区之间的联系,并概述刺激小脑在治疗吞咽困难方面的临床应用,以期为神经源性吞咽障碍提供一种潜在的治疗方法。

Swallowing is an activity controlled by a complex nervous system,involving the brain stem,cerebral cortex,and cerebellum.The cerebellum,a key part of the brain responsible for the regulation of movement,is involved in the neurophysiological control of swallowing,and cerebellar activity is enhanced during swallowing.In addition,there is a pathological connection between cerebellum and swallowing.Stimulation of cerebellum can improve the control of swallowing movement by the nervous system and trigger the pharyngeal motor response.This review focuses on the role of the cerebellum in swallowing control,explores new findings from nerve stimulation and imaging studies,better understands the connection between the cerebellum and the swallowing motor area of the brain in healthy conditions,and outlines the clinical application of cerebellum stimulation in the treatment of dysphagia,in order to provide a potential treatment for neurogenic dysphagia.