基于健康生态学理论的问题导向式健康教育及护理在老年稳定性冠心病患者中的应用

Application of problem-oriented health education and nursing based on the theory of health ecology in elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease

目的观察研究基于健康生态学理论的问题导向式健康教育及护理在老年稳定性冠心病患者中的干预作用和应用效果。方法选取安徽省阜阳市妇女儿童医院心血管内科在2019年7月至2021年8月收治的80例老年稳定性冠心病患者作为研究对象进行前瞻性研究。采用随机数字表法将入组患者分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组采用常规健康教育及护理,观察组采用基于健康生态学理论的问题导向式健康教育及护理进行干预。比较干预前后生活质量评价量表(SF-36)评分,同时调查两组治疗期间的心血管不良事件发生状况及干预前后对冠心病健康知识的掌握程度。结果干预后,两组生理功能、生理职能、社会功能、情感职能、躯体疼痛、精神状况、精力活力及总体健康评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组冠心病健康知识得分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组心血管不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于健康生态学理论的问题导向式健康教育及护理对于老年稳定性冠心病患者的康复有着积极作用,其能显著提升患者生活质量、减少相关心血管不良事件的发生,具有良好的应用价值。

Objective To observe and study the intervention and application effect of problem-oriented health education and nursing based on the theory of health ecology in elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease who were admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Fuyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital,Anhui Province from July 2019 to August 2021.The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was received routine health education and nursing,while the observation group was received problem-oriented health education and nursing intervention based on the theory of health ecology.The scores of the quality of life assessment scale(SF-36)before and after the intervention were compared,and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events during the treatment period and the mastery of the health knowledge of coronary heart disease before and after the intervention were investigated in the two groups.Results After the intervention,the physiological function,physiological function,social function,emotional function,physical pain,mental status,energy,and overall health scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,while those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the scores of coronary heart disease health knowledge in the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the observation group was higher than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Problem-oriented health education and nursing based on the theory of health ecology has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease.It can significantly improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the occurrence of related cardiovascular adverse events,and has good application value.