普及化阶段美国本科课程变革及其特征

The Changes and Characteristics of the US Undergraduate Curriculum at the Universalization Stage

20世纪80年代之后,美国相关学术团体和机构等陆续提出有关高校本科课程与教学以及本科教育报告、相关问卷调查结果和改革案例,自90年代以来美国高等教育进入普及化阶段中期之后,美国本科课程变革展现了其基本特征:美国本科课程改革更加强调质量的提高;院校层面的课程改革更多关注如何将通识教育和专业主修等融合或整合,更加强调训练学生掌握基础知识、技能和能力、本科课程开发的整合以及鼓励学生积极参与跨学科的学习活动;开始关注不同类型院校的特点进行本科课程改革等。

This paper examines the changes and basic characteristics of undergraduate curriculum and its reforms in American universities since the 1990s,when American higher education entered the middle of the stage of universal access to higher education.The main findings of this paper include the following:First,since the 1990s,undergraduate curriculum reform in the United States has placed more emphasis on quality improvement.Second,curricular reforms at the institutional level have focused more on integrating or integrating general education and professional majors,placing greater emphasis on training students to acquire foundational knowledge,skills,and competencies,returning to basic instruction,integrating undergraduate curriculum development,and encouraging active academic participation in interdisciplinary learning activities.Finally,the reform began to focus on curriculum development and undergraduate education reform in different types of institutions,such as research university undergraduate education activities.