不同施肥处理对核桃产量品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Walnut Yield,Quality and Soil Fertility

以‘香玲’核桃为研究对象,施肥试验共设不施肥,单施化肥,化肥和有机肥,化肥和生物有机肥,化肥、有机肥和生物有机肥5个处理,通过分析核桃产量品质、土壤肥力及微生物数量对不同施肥处理的响应。结果表明:随着施肥年限的延长,核桃产量逐年上升,且化肥、有机肥和生物有机肥增产率最高,可达101%。有机肥配施还可改善核桃品质,其中化肥、有机肥和生物有机肥混合配施效果最佳,蛋白质、谷氨酸、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素Zn、Fe含量分别可达18.0%、3.65%、93.1%、225.1 mg/kg和34.9 mg/kg。土壤含水率、速效氮、磷、钾含量和土壤微生物数量在不同肥料配比间表现为化肥、有机肥和生物有机肥>化肥和生物有机肥>化肥和有机肥>单施化肥>不施肥,因此化肥、有机肥和生物有机肥混合配施效果最佳,可显著提高核桃产量品质,增加土壤肥力,能满足高产、稳产、优质和可持续发展目标。

Taking the walnut'Xiangling'as the research object,5 fertilization tests includes no fertilizer(CK),single application of chemical fertilizer(F),chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer(F+M),chemical fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer(F+B),chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer(F+M+B),through analysis of walnut yield and quality,soil fertility and microbial quantity to different fertilization treatments.The findings indicated that with the extension of the fertilization period,the yield of walnut increases year by year,and chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer treatment had the highest yield increase rate,up to 101%.Combined application of organic fertilizers can also improve the quality of walnuts and the chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer treatment had the best effect.The content of protein,glutamic acid,unsaturated fatty acid,trace element Zn and Fe are 18.0%,3.65%,93.1%,225.1 mg/kg and 34.9 mg/kg respectively.The trend of soil moisture content,available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium content and soil microbial quantity among different fertilizer ratios are chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer>chemical fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer>chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer>single application of chemical fertilizer>no fertilizer.The mixed application of chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers has the best effect,which can significantly improve the yield and quality of walnuts,increase soil fertility,and meet the goals of high yield,stable yield,high quality and sustainable development.