龙陵小黑山自然保护区中缅乌叶猴海拔利用偏好研究

Altitude Preference of Trachypithecus melamera in Longlingxiaoheishan Nature Reserve

为了解中缅乌叶猴对人类活动和食物资源时空分布的行为响应,2019年8月至2020年7月在龙陵小黑山自然保护区古城山片区采用10 min间隔的瞬时扫描取样法记录食性及其对于非研究人员的行为反应数据,同时每隔30 min记录猴群(20只)的位点。根据猴群活动区范围海拔跨度(1700~2300 m)每隔100 m划分6个海拔段,分析中缅乌叶猴对海拔段利用强度差异,检验海拔段利用频次与食物部位取食频次、人类直接干扰次数与强度(人次)的相关性。结果表明:中缅乌叶猴全年海拔利用模式呈单峰型,全年、旱季和雨季对6个海拔段的利用有差异,其中1800~1899 m利用频次最高。猴群雨季利用1800~1899 m和1900~1999 m的频次最高(55.8%),旱季利用1800~1899 m和2000~2099 m的频次最高(52.0%)。各个海拔段都有人类直接干扰,虽然2100~2199 m干扰次数最多,但是1900~2099 m干扰人次最高;猴群全年海拔利用偏好不受人类直接干扰次数和人次影响。猴群全年、旱季和雨季海拔利用偏好均是受取食叶的频次影响,雨季和旱季还分别受取食芽/嫩叶、果实和花频次影响。因此,龙陵小黑山保护区中缅乌叶猴海拔利用偏好主要受食物资源时空分布影响,同时猴群对非研究人员的直接干扰有应激行为,并回避长期干扰的区域,建议加强区域长期人类干扰管理,控制人类干扰区域面积扩展,以保护该物种和区域生物多样性。

In order to understand the behavioral response of Trachypithecus melamera to human activities and seasonal variation of food rescources,we followed and collected data on positions of a group of 20 Burmachinese Gray Langurs(T.melamera)every 30 mins using a GPS receiver,on diet using instantaneous and scan sampling at 10-min intervals,and on their behavioral responses to human activities in Longlingxiaoheishan Provincial Nature Reserve from August 2019 to July 2020.The Langurs'home range was stratified into six gradients of elevation from 1700 to 2300 m every 100 m interval.Then we evaluated the effect of diet and human activities on altitude preference of T.melamera during study period,and in wet and dry season,respectively.The results indicated that there are significant differences in altitude utilization yearly,and both in wet and dry seasons.The pattern of annual altitude utilization was unimodal with the highest frequency of elevation utilization belt of 1800–1899 m.The langurs mainly used the altitude belt of 1800–1899 m and 1900–1999 m in wet season(55.8%),and 1800–1899 m and 2000–2099 m in dry season(52.0%).Human activities occurred at all elevations,with the highest frequency at 2100–2199 m and the highest intensity at 1900–2099 m.The annual altitude use of T.melamera was not affected by the number of disturburce events and number of human beings.The altitude preference of T.melamera were influenced by the proportion of time spent on leaves throughout the year,also related to the proportion of time spent on buds/young leaves in wet season,and that of flowers and fruits in dry season.Therefore,the altitude preference of T.melamera is mainly related to the spatial and temporal distribution of food resources.Moreover,the langurs were nervous when facing with human beings,and avoided the changed habitat.Our results suggested that strengthening the management of long-term human disturbance activities,limiting the expansion of disturbance areas,will useful to promote the conservation of the species and biodiversity in the region.