采用相变热开关的软包电池热管理研究

Research on Battery Thermal Management of Pouch Cell Using a Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Switch

针对电池热管理的问题,提出一种基于相变材料硬脂酸和热开关耦合的新型电池温控装置。以软包锂离子电池为对象,应用相变材料耦合热开关的温控装置,并基于数值模拟的研究方法对其温控效果展开研究。装置基于有机相变材料硬脂酸在相变过程中的体积变化特性为机械热开关提供被动驱动,能在电池工作温度较高时迅速为其散热,并能在电池工作温度较低时及时保温。数值仿真结果表明:与无热管理系统的电池相比,相变热开关温控使电池在4 C高倍率放电结束时的最终温度下降了22.46℃;在外界环境温度为−20℃时,相变热开关温控使电池温度管理时间延长了390 s,具有优良的控温特性。

In view of the battery thermal management system, this paper proposed a new battery temperature control device based on the phase change material stearic acid and thermal switches. The device is applied to the pouch cell. The cooling and heat preservation abilities were studied based on numerical simulation. It provides the passive drive for the thermal switch based on the volume change characteristics of the organic phase change material stearic acid during the phase change process, which can effectively dissipate heat when the battery temperature increases. Thermal energy dissipation is decreased when the battery is used in a cold environment. The numerical results show that, compared with the battery without the thermal management system, the temperature control system with the phase change material and thermal switch reduces the battery temperature by22.46 ℃ at the end of the 4 C rate charge and discharge.When the external ambient temperature is-20 ℃, the novel thermal management system prolongs the battery temperature management time by 390 s.