双酚A二缩水甘油醚的环境分布与毒性特征

Environmental distribution and toxicity characteristics of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether

环氧树脂单体双酚A二缩水甘油醚(epoxy bisphenol A diglycidyl ether,BADGE)是一些食品接触材料中聚合物的单体,主要用于食品罐头等容器的涂层中,也可用于有机溶胶类容器的涂层.BADGE可从涂层中迁移,并发生水解等化学反应生成以BADGE∙2H_(2)O、BADGE∙H_(2)O为主的几种衍生物BADGEs.目前,废水处理厂水体(水相和颗粒物)、室内空气、灰尘等环境介质中都发现了BADGEs的踪迹,尤其是牙齿密封胶中其浓度水平较高.此外,在实验室模式生物、海洋哺乳动物以及人体血液、尿液、脂肪中均能够检出BADGEs,表明其可被生物体吸收.相关毒性实验表明,与内分泌干扰物双酚A类似,BADGEs具有一定的内分泌干扰性、细胞毒性、生殖发育毒性等.人体对BDAGE暴露的情况可通过监测其尿液中BADGEs的浓度水平体来体现.从现有数据看,人体对BADGEs的暴露水平不高,每日有效摄入量低于欧洲食品安全局于2004年规定的每日最大摄入量10 mg∙(kg∙Bw∙d)^(−1),其暴露主要来源于罐装食品.BADGEs属于增塑剂,可能会通过胎盘屏障,考虑到其毒性特征,建议孕妇少食罐装和袋装食品,以减少相关暴露.此外,需进一步研究BADGEs生物毒性和相关作用机理.

Epoxy bisphenol A diglycidyl ether(BADGE)is a polymer monomer in some food packaging materials,mainly used in the coating of food cans,as well as the coating of organosol containers.BADGE can migrate from the coating and undergo chemical reactions such as hydrolysis to generate several derivatives(defined as BADGEs),which are mainly BADGE∙2H_(2)O and BADGE∙H_(2)O.By far,BADGEs were found in various environmental mediums,such as wastewater(both water phase and particles),indoor air and indoor dust,especially with high concentration levels in dental sealant.Besides,BADGEs were also detected in model animals in the labs,sea mammals,and human body(urine,blood and lipid),which indicated they could be accumulated by biota.The results of toxic experiments demonstrated that similar to bisphenol A,BADGEs have cytotoxic,reproductive and development toxicities,and the potential to disrupt endocrine system.Urinary BADGEs were usually determined to monitor human exposure.The available data showed human were exposed to BADGEs at a relative low level,and the daily intakes were lower than the maximum value of 10 mg∙(kg∙Bw∙d)^(−1)suggested by the European Food Safety Agency in 2004.Canned foods are the main exposure source.BADGEs are plasticizers and may pass through the placental barrier.Considering their toxicity characteristics,we suggest pregnant women should eat less canned and bagged foods to reduce related exposure.Besides,we call for more researches on the biological toxicity of BADGEs and related mechanisms.