《黄帝内经》历法的中气与三阴三阳

Mid-air period and three-yin and three-yang in the calendar of Huangdi Neijing

文章通过对《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)置闰方法的研究,发现《内经》中“气”的概念与太阳的周年视运行有关,从太阳的运行进一步衍生出日道、中气和三阴三阳等概念,从而构建了《内经》五运六气的系统理论。并从三阴三阳构建了日道与人体脏腑经络的相互关联,奠定了中医辨证论治的模型基础。从中可以看到《内经》“气”的概念,不是一个单一、独立的物质现象,而是一个和天文及人体都有所关联的复合概念。人体的呼吸之气与太阳在冬夏至之间来回的中气,都有橐龠的往复特征,说明古人对气有动态及量化的认识,从天地到人体。

Through the research on the calendric system in Huangdi Neijing, this paper finds that the concept of ‘qi’ in the book is related to the annual apparent movement of the sun, and the concepts of sun’s orbit, the mid-air period, the three-yin and the three-yang, etc. are further derived from the movement of the sun, thereby constructing the theory of five yun and six qi(the theory of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences). In addition, from the three-yin and three-yang, the relationship between sun’s orbit and the human body’s zang-fu meridians is constructed and became the model foundation of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. From this, we can see that the concept of ‘qi’ in Huangdi Neijing is not a single, independent material phenomenon, but a composite concept that is related to astronomy and the human body. The breathing qi of the human body and the mid-air period of the sun going back and forth between the winter and summer solstice have the characteristics of reciprocation, indicating that the ancients had a dynamic and quantitative understanding of qi, from heaven and earth to the human body.