传统的激活与再生--论新编历史京剧《曹操与杨修》的创新及启示

The Activation and Regeneration of Tradition——On the Innovation and Enlightenment of the New Historical Peking Opera Cao Cao and Yang Xiu

新编历史京剧《曹操与杨修》被誉为新时期中国戏曲里程碑式的作品,该剧在主题阐释、人物塑造、戏剧结构、舞台呈现方面都堪称继承传统、创新传统的典范。它改变了传统京剧重技艺轻文学的弊端,用京剧这种载体开掘出了历史的人性的深刻主题;它打破了传统京剧人物扁平化模式,人物塑造向立体型发展;它让京剧在现代化进程中守护了戏曲的本体生命、本体风格,保持了京剧浓烈的风格和特色。它的成功为民族艺术戏曲实现传统的现代再生带来重要启示:其一,传统不是一成不变的,它具有巨大的包容性和现代再生能力,任何故步自封、抱残守缺的做法都是不可取的;其二,传统的创新不是以西方外来的强制介入求得的创新,而是在把握了传统的根本特性与精髓后的继承与发展,它本质上不是为了颠覆传统、消灭传统,而是让我们更深刻地理解传统、激活传统并发扬传承。

The new historical Peking OperaCao Cao and Yang Xiu is regarded as a landmark work of Chinese Opera in the new era.It can be regarded as a model of inheriting and innovating tradition in theme interpretation,characterization,dramatic structure and stage presentation.It has changed the drawback of traditional Peking Opera,which emphasized technique over literature;and explored the profound theme of human nature in history with the carrier of Peking Opera.It breaks the traditional flat character model of Peking opera,with the characterization developing towards a three-dimensional shape;it enables Peking Opera to protect its ontological life and style in the process of modernization and maintain its strong style and characteristics.Its success has brought important enlightenment to the realization of the modern regeneration of traditional Chinese Opera.Firstly,the tradition is not immutable,it has great inclusiveness and modern regeneration capacity,and any stagnant and stubborn practice is not desirable;secondly,the innovation of tradition is not the innovation obtained by the forced intervention of the West,but the inheritance and development after grasping the fundamental characteristics and essence of the tradition.In essence,it is not to overturn the tradition and eliminate it,but to let us understand the tradition more deeply,to activate the tradition and carry it forward.