2011-2021年北京市丰台区肺结核流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Fengtai District,Beijing City from 2011 to 2021

目的分析2011-2021年北京市丰台区肺结核流行特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法, 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2011年1月1日至2021年12月31日的丰台区肺结核病例资料, 包括病原学分类、性别、年龄、职业、发病时间, 人口信息等, 对肺结核病例的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果 2011-2021年丰台区报告肺结核患者共计10 342例, 年平均发病率为 42.87/10万, 2012年发病率最高(75.89/10万), 2013年开始逐年大幅度下降, 到2017年降至29.70/10万, 2018-2021年有缓慢上升趋势(χ^(2)=1 471.77, P<0.001)。2011-2021年肺结核病原学阳性病例2 975例, 2017-2021年利福平耐药病例76例;男、女性别比为1.75, 男性年平均发病率(53.94/10万)高于女性(31.57/10万)(χ^(2)=704.01, P<0.001);25~29、20~24、30~34岁年龄组的构成比较高, 分别为14.56%(1 506例)、12.49%(1 292例)、9.90%(1 024例);<10岁组年平均发病率最低(1.43/10万), ≥85岁组发病率较高(195.20/10万), 差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 164.24, P<0.001)。构成比较高的职业有家务及待业(2 917例, 28.21%)、离退人员(2 308例, 22.32%)、工人(1 047例, 10.12%)、干部职员(950例, 9.19%)、农民(860例, 8.32%)、商业服务(698例, 6.75%)、教师和学生(455例, 4.40%)。结论 2011-2021年丰台区肺结核发病率从2012-2017年下降后, 随后有缓慢上升趋势;肺结核发病存在年龄和性别差异。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)in Fengtai District from 2011 to 2021.Methods A retrospective study was conducted,the data of PTB patients in Fengtai District from 2011 to 2021 were collected in Chinese disease prevention and Control Information System,which included etiological classification,gender,age,occupation,onset time,demographic information etc.the epidemiological characteristics of reported PTB patients was analysis.Results A total of 10342 cases of PTB were reported from 2011 to 2021 in Fengtai District,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 42.87/100000.The incidence rate was the highest in 2012(75.89/100000),and significantly declined from 2013,which declined to 29.70/100000 in 2017.It showed a slow rise from 2018 to 2021.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1471.77,P<0.001).There were 2975 cases of etiologic positive PTB from 2011 to 2021,and 76 cases of Rifampicin-resistant PTB from 2017 to 2021.The ratio of male cases to female was 1.75,the average annual incidence rate of male(53.94/100000)was higher,than female(31.57/100000).(χ^(2)=704.01,P<0.001).Among all age groups,25-29 years group,20-24 years group and 30-34 years group had the highest proportion,which were 1506 cases(14.56%),1292 cases(12.49%)and 1024 cases(9.90%)respectively.The average annual incidence rate was the lowest in the group less than 10 years old(1.43/100000),and the highest in the group 85 years old and over(195.20/100000),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3164.24,P<0.001).The top occupations from high to low were housework and unemployment(2917 cases,28.21%),retirees(2308 cases,22.32%),workers(1047 cases,10.12%),cadres and staff(950 cases,9.19%),farmers(860 cases,8.32%),business services(698 cases,6.75%),teachers and students(455 cases,4.40%).Conclusion From 2011 to 2021,the incidence rate of PTB was decreased from 2012 to 2017,and slowly increased lately in Fengtai District.The epidemiological characteristics of PTB vary in different age and gender.