桥型象限图及一种新基本桥型伞骨桥

Quadrant diagram of bridge and a new basic umbrella bridge

为推动基本桥型类型的研究与发展,本研究归纳已有的梁桥、拱桥、斜拉桥及悬索桥四类基本桥型的结构特点,利用梁、墩(塔)的正交性及桥梁结构的对称性,提出桥型象限图。研究结果表明:桥梁基本桥型有五类,总结第五类基本桥型的构造和结构受力特点,将其命名为伞骨桥;并对其结构进行优化,获得了优化后对应的实桥。通过实桥证实桥型象限图导出的第五类基本桥型的真实性,并验证了桥型象限图的正确性。该结果可为完善桥型研究提供依据。

In order to promote the development of basic bridge types,the structural characteristic of four basic types of bridges were summarized. Those were the beam bridge,arch bridge,cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge. The quadrant diagram of bridge was constructed using orthogonality of beam and pier and symmetry of bridge structure.The results show,it was proved that there were only five types of basic bridge. The structure and mechanical characteristic of the fifth type of basic bridge structure was summarized as the umbrella bridge. The structural feature of the umbrella bridge was analyzed and optimized. The corresponding real bridge after optimization was then found. The actual bridge not only verified the authenticity of the fifth basic bridge structure derived from the bridge type quadrant diagram,but also proved the correctness of the quadrant diagram of bridge type proposed in the present study. The research results provide a basis for researching to improve and perfect the bridge type.