高句丽与日本的早期通交关系

On Early Relations Between Gaogouli and Japan

高句丽与日本都是古代东亚世界的重要政权,影响了东亚世界的历史进程。两国之间既有国家利益争夺中呈现出的军事战争,也有和平友好的交聘往来。高句丽方面涉及其与日本间发生联系的记载仅见于《广开土王碑文》,但该碑的记录呈现的仅是5世纪之交高句丽与日本之间的关系,并且只是二者间的战争情况,没有友好往来的记述,这是因为历史上高句丽不重视与日本之间的关系。另外,地缘因素也影响了二者通交往来,因为高句丽位于朝鲜半岛的北部,而西南部是百济,东南部是新罗,日本则位于朝鲜半岛隔海相望的日本列岛之上,地理位置的阻隔成为影响高句丽和日本交往的重要障碍,二者之间在早期交往过程中不可能建立“称藩”与“朝贡”的关系。

Gaogouli and Japan played important roles in the ancient East Asia,influencing the historical process of the region.There are military wars in the competition of national interests,and peaceful and friendly exchanges between the two countries.The records of Gaogouli's relations with Japan is found in the King Guangkaitu Monument,but the records is only at the turn of the fifth century.Besides,the records is only about the war between the two countries,without any account of friendly exchanges.The reason is that Gaogouli did not attach importance to the diplomatic relations with Japan.In addition,geographical factors also affected the communication between the two countries.Gaogouli is located in the north of the Korean Peninsula,while the southwest is Baekje and the southeast is Silla.Japan is separated from the Korean Peninsula by sea.The geographical barrier had become an important obstacle affecting the communication between Gaogouli and Japan.As Gaogouli's political and military influence gradually penetrated into the south of Korean peninsula,the contact of the two countries gradually increased at this time.Whether it was wars or the change of international politics,the interests of both sides made them to rebuild peace.As a result,it was impossible to establish the relationship between"being vassal"and"paying tribute"in the early communication between the two countries.