从原子量概念的准确性和测定技术的发展看科学进步

Scientific Progress Viewed from the Accuracy of Atomic Weight Concept and the Development of Determination Technology

原子量概念的准确性和测定技术的发展一直是化学和物理学科的关注点之一。依据文献系统地阐述了原子量的定义、标准原子量值测定和确定的依据。详述了原子量测定技术发展的3个重要方法,即化学法、质谱法和校准质谱法;分析了测定技术发展的驱动力,指出这一过程对“修订国际单位制(SI)”和化学教育的影响。重点介绍了我国科学家对世界原子量测定工作的贡献。

The accuracy of atomic weight concept and the development of measurement technology have been one of the concerns of chemistry and physics. The definition of atomic weight, the determination of standard atomic value and the basis for its determination are systematically described in this paper. Three important atomic weight determination techniques, namely chemical method, mass spectrometry and calibration mass spectrometry, are described in detail. This paper analyzes the driving force of the development of measurement technology and points out the influence of this process on the revision of international system of units(SI) and chemistry education. The contribution of Chinese scientists to the determination of atomic weight in the world is emphasized.