形塑数据流动空间:政府跨部门数据共享的新技术机制

Shaping the “Flow Space” of Data: A New Technology Mechanism of Government Cross-departmental Data Sharing

数据的价值本质上取决于数据的流动性。打破数据壁垒,促进跨部门数据共享是激发数据价值和促进数字经济发展的必然要求。既有的制度路径难以在短期内弥合组织间的信任、重构组织利益分配机制和解决数据权属难题,无法真正破解跨部门数据共享的“拜占庭将军难题”。在人工智能、区块链、隐私计算等新技术飞速发展的风口,通过新技术形塑数据流动空间成为新的突破口。基于对“政务晓屋”“区块链+个税股权转让”“健康医疗数据应用开放平台”三个创新案例的深入分析,有望为探讨新技术如何嵌入和赋能政府跨部门数据共享提供新的思路。破解政府跨部门数据共享的核心是以新技术为物质基础建构数据流动空间,包括基于5G+VR技术的虚拟空间、基于区块链的分布式账本空间、基于隐私计算的隔离空间等。在不同技术框架下,数据流动的空间结构和运动方式等会进一步影响数据流动的深度和广度。未来,数据流动空间的拓展和治理将成为跨部门数据共享的新路向。

The value of data depends on its liquidity. Breaking data barriers and promoting cross-departmental data sharing isa necessary requirement for activating the data value and promoting the development of digital economy. However,it is difficult for theexisting institutional path to bridge the trust between organizations,reconstruct the organization’s benefit distribution mechanism andsolve the problem of data ownership. Therefore,the Byzantine Generals Problem of data sharing across departments cannot be reallycracked. With the rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence,block chain and privacy computing,shaping thedata flow space with new technologies has become a new breakthrough. Based on three innovative cases of Government Xiaowu,BlockChain + Tax Equity Transfer and Health and Medical Data Application Open Platform,the new mechanism of government cross-depart-ment sharing equipped with new technologies is discussed. It is suggested that the core of cracking the government’s cross-departmentaldata sharing is to shape a data“flow space”based on new technologies,including virtual space based on 5G+VR technology,distribu-ted ledger space based on block chain and“isolation space”based on privacy computing. The spatial structure and movement mode ofdata flow in different technical frameworks can further affect the depth and breadth of data flow. In the future,the expansion and gov-ernance of data flow space will open a new way for cross-departmental data sharing.