新冠肺炎疫情下的评估、应对与抑郁和焦虑的关系:多元多重中介模型

The Relationship between Appraisal,Coping,Depression,and Anxiety during COVID-19:A Multivariable Multilevel Mediation Model

作为全球性公共卫生事件,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为潜在心理应激事件。本研究以线上调研形式在疫情爆发上升期考察了民众对疫情的可控性评估、应对方式和抑郁焦虑水平。结果表明:自控性显著负向预测抑郁焦虑,他控性对抑郁焦虑无显著预测作用;前行应对显著负向预测抑郁焦虑,创伤应对显著正向预测抑郁焦虑;前行应对在自控性与抑郁焦虑间起中介作用,即自控性通过正向预测前行应对进而负向预测抑郁焦虑;前行应对在他控性与抑郁焦虑间起中介作用,即他控性通过正向预测前行应对进而负向预测抑郁焦虑;创伤应对亦在他控性与抑郁焦虑间起中介作用,即他控性通过正向预测创伤应对进而正向预测抑郁焦虑。本研究对可控性评估与应对方式对抑郁焦虑的影响及其间中介路径进行了探讨。

As a global public health event,COVID-19 had become a major source of stress,people’s psychological adjustment was worthy of attention.As proposed by previous researchers,cognitive appraisal and coping style played an important role in a potential stressful event like COVID-19.To understand people’s cognitive and behavioral reactions during this special period,as well as the psychological influence caused by COVID-19,this study investigated the feature of and the relationship among controllability appraisal,forward focus coping,trauma focus coping,depression and anxiety.According to Folkman and Lazarus’s transactional theory about stress,appraisal,and coping,individuals’coping styles might mediate the relationship between their cognitive appraisal toward the stressful event and their adjustment.In consistent with previous studies,a multivariable multiple mediation model was established,in which coping was supposed to mediate the relationship between controllability appraisal and depression/anxiety.Researchers collected 1372 online questionnaires from 13 provinces in China on February 7th.Apart from demographic information such as age,gender,education,and annual family income,the Stress Appraisal Measurement scale,the Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma scale,CES-D-11,and GAD-7 were used to measure target variables.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze descriptive statistics,the Cronbachαcoefficient,and the multi-collinearity.A latent variable structural equation model analysis was conducted through Amos 21.0 to testify the purposed multivariable multiple mediation model.The proposed multivariable multiple mediation model was approved statistically:χ2/df=6.31,RMSEA=.06,IFI=.93,CFI=.94,GFI=.94.The results showed that:(1)Controllable-by-self negatively predicted depression and anxiety,but controllable-by-others did not predict depression/anxiety;(2)Controllable-by-self positively predicted forward focus coping,but did not predict trauma focus coping;(3)Controllable-byothers positively predicted both forward focus coping and trauma focus coping;(4)Forward focus coping negatively predicted depression/anxiety while trauma focus coping presented a positive prediction.(5)Forward focus coping was a mediator between controllable-by-self and depression/anxiety;(6)Trauma focus coping was a mediator between controllable-by-self and depression/anxiety as well as between controllable-by-others and depression/anxiety.In summary,the proposed multivariable multiple mediation model was partially supported and revealed a complicated pattern among variables.There were also several limitations.First,participants in this study were healthy individuals without a history of close contact.Future studies might focus on individuals with higher levels of exposure during this outbreak to further understand the underlying appraisal and coping mechanism among these people.Second,this study was carried out only at the initial stage of the outbreak,it’s still important and needed to explore the mechanism during non-COVID-19 period.Third,future studies may consider more rigorous sampling method since the randomness and representativeness of the sample may be insufficient in this study.Fourth,since this study was cross-sectional,longitudinal studies would better support the results in the present study.Fifth,this study discusses the process from cognitive appraisal to psychological adaptation but did not consider the antecedent variables of appraisal.Future studies may explore why people made different appraisals to understand the above mechanism more comprehensively.