产业集聚与企业出口碳脱钩

Industrial Agglomeration and Decoupling of Export Growth from Enterprises’ Carbon Emissions

兼顾出口增长与绿色低碳是我国对外贸易高质量发展的必然要求。产业集聚作为企业出口绩效提升的重要动力,能否帮助外贸企业实现“增长”与“绿色”协调发展值得关注。本文基于Tapio脱钩模型,将企业出口绩效与环境绩效纳入统一的研究框架,使用2001—2010年中国工业企业污染排放数据和中国海关进出口数据,考察了产业集聚对企业出口碳脱钩的影响。结果表明,产业集聚显著优化了企业出口碳脱钩状态,推动企业从联结状态到不脱钩、弱脱钩再到增长强脱钩状态的演进,而企业从学习效应、共享效应中收获的减排技术升级和能源结构转型是这一优化过程的重要机制。异质性分析表明,一般贸易企业、出口目的地为发达国家的企业、外资企业的出口碳脱钩状态更容易从产业集聚中获得优化。因此,应积极推进产业集群发展,服务于企业出口增长和低碳转型的双重目标。

The high-quality development of China’s foreign trade requires export growth with low carbon emissions.As industrial agglomeration is an important driving force for the improvement of export performance,whether it helps foreign trade enterprises achieve coordinated development of export growth and greenization deserves attention.Incorporating export and environmental performance of enterprises into a unified research framework based on the Tapio decoupling model,this paper investigates the impact of industrial agglomeration on decoupling of export growth from enterprises’ carbon emissions using the pollution emission data of Chinese industrial enterprises and the trade data of China Customs from 2001 to 2010.The results show that industrial agglomeration significantly improves the decoupling states of enterprises’ export,promoting enterprises’ evolution from coupling,weak coupling,to weak decoupling,strong decoupling.And the upgrading of emission reduction technology and the transformation of energy structure enterprises gain from the learning and sharing effects are important mechanisms in this improvement process.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the decoupling states of general trade enterprises,enterprises exporting to developed countries,and foreign-funded enterprises are more likely to benefit from industrial agglomeration.Therefore,China should promote the development of industrial clusters to serve the dual goals of export growth and low-carbon transition.