论主观过错在金融监管执法中的适用

On the Application of Subjective Fault Clause in Financial Supervision and Law Enforcement

《行政处罚法》第33条确定主观过错作为行政违法行为的构成要件,①为金融监管部门准确适用金融领域的法律和行政法规提供了根本遵循。实践中,因尚未明确主观过错的概念、举证责任分配和证明标准,极易引发争议。为确保金融监管部门行政执法权谦抑,进一步提升界定主观过错的质效,需探究主观过错之内核,明晰主观过错之本质。立法方面,建议在相关执法检查与行政处罚程序规定中确立主观过错原则;执法方面,贯彻“全面取证原则”并对当事人举证进行科学复核。

Article 33 of the"Administrative Punishment Law"identifi es fault as a constituent element of an act subject to administrative punishment,which provides a fundamental basis for fi nancial regulatory authorities to accurately apply laws and administrative regulations in the financial sector.In practice,disputes over financial supervision and law enforcement are often aroused because the characterization of subjective fault,the allocation of burden of proof,and the standard of proof are not clearly defined.In order to keep the administrative law enforcement power of the fi nancial supervision department modest and further improve the effi ciency of defi ning subjective faults,it is necessary to explore the core of subjective faults and clarify the elements of subjective faults.In terms of legislation,it is recommended to establish the principle of subjective fault in the relevant law enforcement inspection and administrative punishment procedures;in terms of law enforcement,implement the"comprehensive evidence collection principle"and conduct scientifi c review of the parties'evidence.