责任如何到人:地方政府中心工作落实中的“领导包干制”

How Does Responsibility Divide to Each Leader:The “Leadership Subcontract System” under the Central Work of Local Government

作为组织层面的发包-承包关系在个体层面的制度延伸,地方政府中心工作落实中的“领导包干制”更加侧重组织和领导个体之间的发包-承包关系。通过区域包干、任务包干、对象包干等不同的包干方式,地方政府将中心工作的特定事项发包给党政机构内的领导干部以及部分普通干部,由其包干负责特定区域、特定政策、特定对象的工作落实过程,并承担相应的考核责任、获得相应的绩效奖励。有弹性的委托代理、有限度的注意力集中、跨条块的资源调配和多元化的晋升激励,是领导包干制得以维持运行的主要机制。相对于常规治理以及组织层面的发包-承包关系,领导包干制能够突破组织和领导个体之间的制度界限,克服科层组织责任不清的弊端,以责任到人的方式,推动中心工作的贯彻落实。

As the institutional extension of the contract relationship at the organizational level,the“leadership subcontract system”in the implementation of the central work of local government focuses more on the contract relationship between organizations and leaders.Through the way of regional subcontract,task subcontract and object subcontract,the local government assign the specific matters of the central work to the leaders and some carders,who are responsible for the whole process of the implementation of the specific matters,bearing the corresponding assessment responsibility and obtaining the corresponding performance awards.Flexible principal-agent,limited attention,cross regional resource allocation and diversified promotion incentives are the main mechanisms for the maintenance and operation of the leadership subcontract system.Compared with the routine governance and the contract relationship at the organizational level,the leadership subcontract system can break through the institutional boundary between the organization and the individual leaders,overcome the disadvantages of unclear responsibility of bureaucracy,assign the task downwards to specific person,and promote the implementation of central work.