“两山”理念发源地森林生态产品价值实现效率

Value Realization Efficiency of Forest Ecological Products in the Birthplace of“Two Mountains”Idea

【目的】浙江是“两山”理念的发源地和率先实践地,建立健全森林生态产品价值实现机制是浙江率先实践“两山”理念的重要探索。本研究科学评价森林生态产品价值实现效率,以期为衡量浙江省“两山”理念实践成效及路径优化提供科学依据。【方法】构建森林生态产品价值实现效率的投入产出指标体系,运用Super-SBM模型和Malmquist指数,借助InVEST模型和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,测算浙江省森林生态产品价值实现效率及其时空变化特征,明确路径优化策略。【结果】2000—2020年,浙江省森林生态产品价值呈现波动上升趋势,固碳释氧、土壤保持、文化服务是主要的森林生态产品,森林生态系统在固碳释氧和保持土壤方面发挥着重要作用;2020年浙江省森林生态服务产品价值为林业总产值的1.94倍,高于全国平均水平的12.14%,浙江省在率先建设“生态省”和生态文明先行示范区方面成效显著;浙江省林业总产值呈现持续增长趋势,林业第二产业成为浙江省林业的绝对优势产业,林业第三产业产值快速增长,所占产业比重不断增加,形成了“二、三、一”产业格局,浙江省林业经济发展取得了历史性成就;浙江省森林生态产品价值实现效率整体较高,11个地市森林生态产品价值实现效率趋势不断向好,浙江省在探索“两山”转化方面取得了显著成效;浙江省森林生态产品全要素生产率呈现波动增长态势,且各地市全要素生产率波动趋势与技术进步指数变动的重合程度较高,林业技术效率提升是改变森林生态产品价值实现效率的主要原因,有6个地市的全要素生产率均低于1,其林业技术进步尚未发挥正向促进森林生态产品价值实现效率提升的积极作用;浙江省各地市森林生态产品价值实现效率损失的主要原因是投入过量和产出不足,且不同地市实现效率损失的具体原因不同。【结论】各地市要根据实际情况,因地制宜地制定具体政策措施,不断优化生产要素的投入结构,健全现代林业产业技术服务体系,加大新科技产品的推广应用力度,通过技术进步和管理创新进一步提升森林生态产品价值实现效率,为全国探索森林资源富集地区森林生态产品价值实现机制提供示范样板。

【Objective】Zhejiang is the birthplace and the first practice place of the"Two Mountains"Idea.Establishing and improving the value realization mechanism of forest ecological products is an important exploration of Zhejiang to take the lead in practicing the"Two Mountains"Idea.This study evaluates the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products scientifically,in order to provide a scientific basis for measuring the practical effect and approach optimization of the practices of“Two Mountains”Idea in Zhejiang.【Methods】An input-output indicators system for the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products was constructed,and the Super-SBM model and Malmquist index were used to measure the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province and its temporal and spatial patterns using the InVEST model and the GIS technology,and to identify the approach optimization strategy.【Results】From 2000 to 2020,the value of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province showed a fluctuating upward trend.Carbon fixation and oxygen release,soil conservation,and cultural services were the main forest ecological products.The forest ecosystem played an important role in carbon fixation,oxygen release and soil conservation.In 2020,the value of forest ecological service products in Zhejiang Province was 1.94 times of the total output value of forestry,much higher than the national average of 1.73 times of the level of 12.14%.The total output value of forestry in Zhejiang Province shows a continuous growth trend.The secondary industry has become the absolute dominant industry of forestry in Zhejiang Province.The output value of the tertiary forestry industry has grown rapidly,and its proportion of the industry has continued to increase.The value realization efficiency of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province is generally high,and the efficiency in 11 prefectures and cities continues to improve.Zhejiang Province has made remarkable achievements in practical application of the“Two Mountains”Idea;The total factor productivity of products shows a fluctuating and growing trend,and the fluctuating trends of total factor productivity in various regions and cities overlap with the changes in the technological progress index to a high degree.The improvement of forestry technical efficiency is the main reason for changing the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products.The total factor productivity is lower than 1,and its forestry technology progress has not played a positive role in promoting the value realization of forest ecological products,and the specific reasons for the realization efficiency loss in different cities are different.【Conclusion】All prefectures and cities should formulate specific policies and measures according to the actual situation and local conditions,continuously optimize the input structure of production factors,improve the technical service system of the modern forestry industry,intensify the application of new scientific and technological products,and further improve the value realization efficiency through technological progress and management innovation,providing a demonstration model for the areas rich in forest resources.