资助对博士生科研产出与按时毕业的影响:学科与家庭背景的异质性分析

The Impact of Funding on the Scientific Research Output and Timely Graduation of Doctoral Students:An Analysis on the Heterogeneity of Discipline and Family Background

资助是博士生完成学业的重要物质保障,但目前关于资助政策影响效果的研究仍然相对缺乏。基于2021年全国博士毕业调查数据,研究博士生资助的满足程度及其影响。首先对我国博士生的资助满足程度状况开展初步分析,在此基础上进一步探索博士生资助满足程度对科研产出和按时毕业的异质性影响。研究发现:家庭经济困难、已结婚生育、就读于理工学科门类的博士生群体对资助感到满足的可能性更低,博士生资助需要针对不同类型需求分群施策,发挥精准识别的资助育人功能。资助满足程度对博士生的科研产出和按时毕业有着显著的正向影响,充足的资助显著促进博士生的科研产出,也能提高博士生按时毕业概率。在学科的异质性方面,资助满足程度的提升对工学、医学博士生的科研产出提升有着显著更高的平均边际效应;在按时毕业方面,资助满足程度的提升对人文、理学、工学博士生有着更为显著的保障作用。目前我国实施的是广覆盖、重保障的普惠性博士生资助制度,在补偿性、发展性等方面还有所欠缺。在未来的资助体系改革中,需要在整体提升博士生资助水平的基础上,从精准资助育人、引入正式的“三助”岗位制度以及设立竞争性资助方案等方面开展进一步探索。

Funding is an important material guarantee for doctoral students to complete their studies,but at present,there is still a relative lack of research on the impact of funding policies.Based on the data of the national doctoral graduation survey in 2021,the satisfaction of doctoral students’funding and its impact were studied in the article.Firstly,a preliminary analysis was made on the funding satisfaction of doctoral students in China,and the heterogeneous impact of the funding satisfaction of doctoral students was further explored on scientific research output and graduation on time.The study shows that doctoral students with financial difficulties,married and childbearing,and studying in science and engineering are less likely to be satisfied with funding;doctoral student funding needs to be implemented in groups according to different types of needs,playing the role of accurate identification of funding and education.The degree of funding satisfaction has a significant positive impact on the scientific research output and on-time graduation of doctoral students.Sufficient funding can significantly promote the scientific research output of doctoral students and also improve the probability of on-time graduation of doctoral students.In terms of the heterogeneity of disciplines,the improvement of funding satisfaction has a significantly higher average marginal effect on the improvement of scientific research output of engineering and medical doctoral students;in terms of graduation on time,the improvement of funding satisfaction has a more significant guarantee for doctoral students in humanities,science and engineering.At present,China is implementing a broad coverage and security oriented universal doctoral funding system,which is still lacking in compensation and development.In the future reform of the funding system,on the basis of improving the overall level of funding for doctoral students,further exploration should be carried out in terms of precise funding and education,the introduction of a formal“three assistance”post system,and the establishment of competitive funding schemes.